Palaeoenvironmental records from Siberia and the Russian Far East – contributions from DIMA Network members – Introduction

IF 2.4 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Boreas Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI:10.1111/bor.12548
Mary E. Edwards, Maarten van Hardenbroek, Patricia M. Anderson, Nancy H. Bigelow
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Over two thirds of the world’s boreal forest and about a third of the Northern Hemisphere terrestrial carbon pool lies within Russian territory, and muchof this is east of theUralMountains, in Siberia and the Russian Far East (SRFE) (Kuusela 1992; Stolbovoi 2002). With the awareness of the region’s sensitivity to climatechangegrowing, it is clear that this vast expanse is understudied. Scientific centres, now associatedwith the Russian Academy of Sciences, have long histories of pioneeringresearch inSRFEandtherecontinues tobean impressive flow of new data from these institutions, despite complex logistics of working in remote locations. A problem, however, is that a large proportion of this research is not available to the international community, primarilybecauseof language limitations (i.e. theneed to publish in English for the international audience and the inability of most of that audience to read papers published in high quality Russian scientific journals). International research cooperation can provide an avenue for greater dissemination of Russian research (for example, the Lake Baikal and Lake El’gygytgyn drilling projects, ICDP 2020a, b), but many other nationally funded projects fall outside these joint ventures. This special section of Boreas contains nine papers, six of which are based entirely on recent Russian research projects and three of which represent international collaborations. It is the first major product of a UK– Russia collaboration of palaeoenvironmental research groups, initiated in 2018, theDIMAnetwork (Developing Innovative Multi-proxy Analyses, see https://research.nc l.ac.uk/dima/ and van Hardenbroek et al. (in press)). The maingoal is to jointlydevelopandconduct researchon the late-Quaternary evolution of climate and ecosystems across SRFE. The papers brought together here illustrate the range of geographical locations under investigation (Fig. 1) and the scope of the disciplinary approaches currently being used in Russia. Field locations range from Kamchatka in the northeast tomountains that border the central Asian steppe in the southwest, and techniques include marine micropalaeontology, palaeomagnetism, and a range of terrestrial proxies, including pollen, plant macrofossils, diatoms, and testate amoebae. Several features unite these investigations. Typically, they represent the first study of its kind, or the first of any kind, in a critical geographical area, and nearly all the sites fall within the influence of the hugely important southeast AsianMonsoon system,which has hadamajor impact on both climate means and variability. Additionally, two studies include regional calibration sets for biological proxies; such data sets are critical given the vast geographical scale of SRFE. 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引用次数: 1

Abstract

As concern about the effects of climate change on northern regions increases, an important goal of palaeoenvironmental science is placing events that appear to be unprecedented – such as the severe boreal forest firesof recent years (Witze 2020)– intoa long-term context. The boreal forest zone covers a large span of latitude from the permafrost-affected northern tree line to the southern borderwith steppe and the diversemixed temperate forest. Over two thirds of the world’s boreal forest and about a third of the Northern Hemisphere terrestrial carbon pool lies within Russian territory, and muchof this is east of theUralMountains, in Siberia and the Russian Far East (SRFE) (Kuusela 1992; Stolbovoi 2002). With the awareness of the region’s sensitivity to climatechangegrowing, it is clear that this vast expanse is understudied. Scientific centres, now associatedwith the Russian Academy of Sciences, have long histories of pioneeringresearch inSRFEandtherecontinues tobean impressive flow of new data from these institutions, despite complex logistics of working in remote locations. A problem, however, is that a large proportion of this research is not available to the international community, primarilybecauseof language limitations (i.e. theneed to publish in English for the international audience and the inability of most of that audience to read papers published in high quality Russian scientific journals). International research cooperation can provide an avenue for greater dissemination of Russian research (for example, the Lake Baikal and Lake El’gygytgyn drilling projects, ICDP 2020a, b), but many other nationally funded projects fall outside these joint ventures. This special section of Boreas contains nine papers, six of which are based entirely on recent Russian research projects and three of which represent international collaborations. It is the first major product of a UK– Russia collaboration of palaeoenvironmental research groups, initiated in 2018, theDIMAnetwork (Developing Innovative Multi-proxy Analyses, see https://research.nc l.ac.uk/dima/ and van Hardenbroek et al. (in press)). The maingoal is to jointlydevelopandconduct researchon the late-Quaternary evolution of climate and ecosystems across SRFE. The papers brought together here illustrate the range of geographical locations under investigation (Fig. 1) and the scope of the disciplinary approaches currently being used in Russia. Field locations range from Kamchatka in the northeast tomountains that border the central Asian steppe in the southwest, and techniques include marine micropalaeontology, palaeomagnetism, and a range of terrestrial proxies, including pollen, plant macrofossils, diatoms, and testate amoebae. Several features unite these investigations. Typically, they represent the first study of its kind, or the first of any kind, in a critical geographical area, and nearly all the sites fall within the influence of the hugely important southeast AsianMonsoon system,which has hadamajor impact on both climate means and variability. Additionally, two studies include regional calibration sets for biological proxies; such data sets are critical given the vast geographical scale of SRFE. Along with the palaeo-studies morework isnecessary toprovidea solidunderstandingof the complex temporal and spatial relationships between the atmosphere, biosphere and cryosphere. In southwest Siberia, Blyakharchuk & Kurina (2021, this issue) use a regionally derived calibration for testate amoebae to trace Late-Holocene, high-frequency moisture fluctuations recorded in sediments of a mire system in the Western Sayan Mountains; these mirror changes that affected the steppe region and influenced human population dynamics in the last two millennia. Bezrukova et al. (2021, this issue) present a high-elevation lacustrine record from the Eastern Sayan Mountains that records the Younger Dryas interval and Holocene mountain vegetation responses to changes in moisture, driven bymonsoon dynamics. The mountains form part of the central Asian ‘water tower’ that is a key source of water for the populous regions of SE Asia. Mikhailova et al. (2021, this issue) provide a 9000-year palaeohydrological study of mire development in the forest-steppe of the Yenisei River basin and place this in a wider geographical context. Their results indicate remarkable similarity across southern Siberia,Mongolia and northern China, with a wet Holocene Thermal Maximum followed by a drier mid-Holocene. Since c. 5000 cal. a BP, however, this southerly taiga region, as well as the Altai-Sayan Mountains experienced, wetter conditions related to increased moisture transport from the North Atlantic by the westerly jets. The other five investigations focus on the Russian Far East. Evstigneeva et al. (2021, this issue) present the first record of diatoms and pollen from the northwest Japan Sea, which records changes in currents and sea
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西伯利亚和俄罗斯远东地区的古环境记录- DIMA网络成员的贡献-引言
随着人们对气候变化对北部地区影响的担忧加剧,古环境科学的一个重要目标是将似乎前所未有的事件——如近年来严重的北方森林大火(Witze 2020)——置于长期背景下。北方森林带覆盖了从受永久冻土影响的北部树木线到南部边境草原和多种混合温带森林的大跨度纬度。世界上超过三分之二的北方森林和大约三分之一的北半球陆地碳库位于俄罗斯境内,其中大部分位于乌拉尔山脉以东、西伯利亚和俄罗斯远东地区(SRFE)(Kuusela 1992;斯托尔博沃伊,2002年)。随着人们越来越意识到该地区对气候变化的敏感性,很明显,这片广阔的土地还没有得到充分的研究。现在与俄罗斯科学院联合的科学中心在SRFE中有着悠久的领先研究历史,尽管在偏远地区工作的后勤工作很复杂,但这些机构仍有令人印象深刻的新数据流。然而,一个问题是,国际社会无法获得这项研究的很大一部分,主要原因是语言限制(即,无法以英语向国际受众发表论文,而大多数受众无法阅读在高质量俄罗斯科学期刊上发表的论文)。国际研究合作可以为更多地传播俄罗斯研究提供一条途径(例如,贝加尔湖和埃尔格吉琴湖钻探项目,ICDP 2020a,b),但许多其他国家资助的项目不属于这些合资企业。Boreas的这一特别部分包含九篇论文,其中六篇完全基于俄罗斯最近的研究项目,三篇代表国际合作。这是2018年启动的英国-俄罗斯古环境研究小组合作的第一个主要产品,即IMAnetwork(开发创新的多代理分析,见https://research.ncl.ac.uk/dima/和van Hardenbroek等人(出版中))。主要目标是共同发展和开展SRFE第四纪晚期气候和生态系统演变的研究。这里汇集的论文说明了正在调查的地理位置的范围(图1)和俄罗斯目前使用的学科方法的范围。野外位置从东北部的堪察加半岛到西南部与中亚草原接壤的山地,技术包括海洋微体学、古磁学和一系列陆地替代物,包括花粉、植物大化石、硅藻和种皮变形虫。这些调查有几个特点。通常,它们代表了在关键地理区域进行的第一次此类研究,或任何类型的第一次研究,几乎所有的地点都属于极其重要的东南亚季风系统的影响范围,该系统对气候手段和可变性都有重大影响。此外,有两项研究包括生物替代品的区域校准集;考虑到SRFE的巨大地理规模,这样的数据集是至关重要的。随着古研究的深入,还需要做更多的工作来巩固对大气、生物圈和冰冻圈之间复杂的时间和空间关系的理解。在西伯利亚西南部,Blyakharchuk和Kurina(2021,本期)使用区域衍生的测试变形虫校准来追踪西萨延山沼泽系统沉积物中记录的全新世晚期高频湿度波动;这些变化反映了过去两千年来影响草原地区和影响人口动态的变化。Bezrukova等人(2021,本期)提供了一份来自东萨扬山脉的高海拔湖泊记录,记录了年轻的Dryas间隔和全新世山区植被对季风动力学驱动的水分变化的反应。这些山脉构成了中亚“水塔”的一部分,这是东南亚人口稠密地区的主要水源。Mikhailova等人(2021,本期)对叶尼塞河流域森林草原沼泽发育进行了9000年的古水文研究,并将其置于更广泛的地理背景下。他们的研究结果表明,西伯利亚南部、蒙古和中国北部有着显著的相似性,先是潮湿的全新世热盛期,然后是干燥的全新世中期。然而,自公元前5000年以来,这个偏南的针叶林地区以及阿尔泰萨延山脉经历了更潮湿的条件,这与西风急流从北大西洋输送的湿气增加有关。其他五项调查集中在俄罗斯远东地区。Evstigneeva等人(2021,本期)首次记录了日本海西北部的硅藻和花粉,记录了洋流和海洋的变化
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来源期刊
Boreas
Boreas 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
4.50%
发文量
36
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Boreas has been published since 1972. Articles of wide international interest from all branches of Quaternary research are published. Biological as well as non-biological aspects of the Quaternary environment, in both glaciated and non-glaciated areas, are dealt with: Climate, shore displacement, glacial features, landforms, sediments, organisms and their habitat, and stratigraphical and chronological relationships. Anticipated international interest, at least within a continent or a considerable part of it, is a main criterion for the acceptance of papers. Besides articles, short items like discussion contributions and book reviews are published.
期刊最新文献
Issue Information Boreas Reviewers, volume 53 Late Middle Pleistocene (MIS 11-6) in Europe – introduction Late Middle Pleistocene Wolstonian Stage (MIS 6) glaciation in lowland Britain and its North Sea regional equivalents – a review Issue Information
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