Predictors of mortality in outborns with neonatal sepsis: A prospective observational study

Abstract

Background: Neonatal sepsis-related mortalities are the outcome of a complex interaction of maternal–foetal colonisation, transplacental immunity and physical and cellular defence mechanisms of neonates. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk factors of mortality in outborn neonatal sepsis. Materials and Methods: A 1-year prospective observational study was undertaken at a tertiary care centre. All referred neonates with maternal and neonatal risk factors of sepsis were enrolled. Blood culture, sepsis screen and other relevant investigations were performed. Results: The mortality rate of neonatal sepsis among outborns was 38.24%. The common presentations of these neonates were respiratory distress, lethargy and hypothermia. On univariate analysis, significant risk factors for mortality included male sex (P = 0.05), weight on admission <1500 g (P < 0.001), hypothermia (P = 0.003), respiratory distress (P = 0.04), cyanosis (P = 0.001), convulsions (P = 0.02), prolonged capillary refill time (P < 0.001), thrombocytopenia (P < 0.001), abnormal radiological finding (P = 0.01), cerebrospinal fluid cellularity (P = 0.002) and positive C-reactive protein (P < 0.001). Maternal factors such as hypertension in pregnancy (P = 0.001) and antepartum haemorrhage (P = 0.03) were associated with statistically significant mortality. Gestational age (odds ratio [OR]: 0.49, confidence interval [CI]: 0.26–0.90, P = 0.02), weight on admission (OR: 1.57, CI: 1.08–2.27, P = 0.01), age at admission (OR: 0.89, CI: 0.78–0.99, P = 0.04), distance travelled with neonate (OR: 1.01, CI: 1.00–1.01, P = 0.003), duration of hospital stay (OR: 0.69, CI: 0.63–0.74, P < 0.001), hypothermia (OR: 1.87, CI: 1.01–3.42, P = 0.04), convulsion (OR: 2.88, CI: 1.33–6.20, P = 0.007), cyanosis (OR: 2.39, CI: 1.07–5.35, P = 0.03) and prolonged capillary refill time (OR: 3.34, CI: 1.78–6.24, P < 0.001) were the independent predictors of mortality in neonatal sepsis. Conclusion: Gestational age; birth weight; long distance travelled with neonate and presentation with hypothermia, cyanosis, convulsions and prolonged capillary refill time were the independent risk factors for mortality in neonatal sepsis among outborns.