El rol de la exploración geofísica en acuíferos profundos en ambientes semiurbanos y rurales en cuencas de ante arco Andino, caso de estudio en acuífero del río Ñuble, Valle Central de Chile

IF 0.9 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOLOGY Andean Geology Pub Date : 2021-11-22 DOI:10.5027/andgeov49n1-3370
Igor Aguirre, José Maringue, I. Santibáñez, Gonzalo A. Yáñez
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Abstract

The hydric resource coming from groundwater has a strategic nature at global scale, within a context of overpopulation and over exploitation of the resource and climate change. Chile doesn’t scape to it, where climate models predict a drought for most of the country, including partially, the agriculture region of the Central Valley between Santiago and Puerto Montt. The adaption process to global change demands the exploration new sources of provisions of this resource, being strategic the one coming from aquifers. To date, the knowledge of these resources is limited to depths below 200 m in each aquifer. However, in the Central Valley between Santiago and Chiloé, the geophysical evidences allow to infer the existence of a thick volcano-sedimentary basin growing in thickness southward well above 500m, with good potential for occurrence of large groundwater resources. The characterization of deep aquifers, 200-1,000 m of depth, demands to have an exploration tool economic, non-invasive, and reliable, able to be applied in semi-urban and rural environments, where the water resource need is higher. The geophysical methodologies meet these characteristics and have been applied in Chile and elsewhere as an exploration tool of ground water resources. However, its application have not been described in Andean environments, of large population and/or agro-industrial activity. In consequence, the present work raises a methodological strategy for the characterization of groundwater resources, in particular for the detection of deep resources. We propose the application of a combination of complementary geophysical techniques, including electrical, electromagnetic, and gravimetric methods (to determine the aquifer geometry) along with complementary techniques, like magnetometry, to reduce interpretation ambiguity and , constrained by hydrogeological information and petrophysics of rocks and sediments of the basin and basement. Complementary, we include an analysis of the potential effects of cultural noise and its effects on geophysical observations, given the focus of exploration in semi-urban and rural places. With the aim to validate the proposed methodology we use as a case study the aquifer of Ñuble river, in the Ñuble region, Chile. This aquifer properly represents an Andean forearc environment in rural and semi-urban condition, and potentially hosting a deep seated aquifer. The results allow the characterization of an aquifer with hydrogeological potential between 50 and 300-500 depth, overlying a sedimentary basin of more than 1,000 m thickness. The application of the proposed methodology for the exploration of groundwater resources will provide, in consequence, the recognition of a vital relevance resource for the sustainability of Chile during the following decades.
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地球物理勘探在安第斯盆地半城市和农村环境深层含水层中的作用,智利中央山谷nuble河含水层的案例研究
在人口过剩、资源过度开发和气候变化的背景下,来自地下水的水力资源在全球范围内具有战略性质。智利没有受到影响,气候模型预测该国大部分地区将出现干旱,包括圣地亚哥和蒙特港之间中央山谷的部分农业区。适应全球变化的过程要求探索提供这种资源的新来源,这是一种战略性的来自含水层的资源。迄今为止,对这些资源的了解仅限于每个含水层200米以下的深度。然而,在圣地亚哥和chilo之间的中央山谷,地球物理证据可以推断存在一个厚的火山-沉积盆地,其向南生长的厚度远超过500米,很有可能出现大量地下水资源。深层含水层(200- 1000m)的特点要求有一种经济、无侵入性、可靠的勘探工具,能够应用于对水资源需求较高的半城市和农村环境。地球物理方法符合这些特点,并已在智利和其他地方作为地下水资源的勘探工具加以应用。然而,在人口众多和/或农业工业活动的安第斯环境中,尚未描述其应用。因此,本工作提出了表征地下水资源,特别是探测深层资源的方法学战略。我们建议结合应用互补的地球物理技术,包括电、电磁和重力方法(以确定含水层的几何形状)以及互补的技术,如磁力计,以减少解释的模糊性,并受水文地质信息和盆地和基底岩石和沉积物的岩石物理学的限制。此外,我们还分析了文化噪音的潜在影响及其对地球物理观测的影响,因为勘探的重点是在半城市和农村地区。为了验证所提出的方法,我们以智利Ñuble地区的Ñuble河含水层为例进行了研究。该含水层适当地代表了安第斯山脉在农村和半城市条件下的弧前环境,并可能拥有深层含水层。研究结果表明,该含水层的水文地质潜力介于50至300-500深度之间,覆盖在厚度超过1000米的沉积盆地上。因此,采用拟议的勘探地下水资源的方法将使人们认识到,在今后几十年里,这是对智利的可持续发展至关重要的相关资源。
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来源期刊
Andean Geology
Andean Geology 地学-地质学
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
17
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: This journal publishes original and review articles on geology and related sciences, in Spanish or English, in three issues a year (January, May and September). Articles or notes on major topics of broad interest in Earth Sciences dealing with the geology of South and Central America and Antarctica, and particularly of the Andes, are welcomed. The journal is interested in publishing thematic sets of papers and accepts articles dealing with systematic Paleontology only if their main focus is the chronostratigraphical, paleoecological and/or paleogeographical importance of the taxa described therein.
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