THE FRENCH FOUNDATIONS OF HUTTON’S THEORY OF THE EARTH, PART TWO: HUTTON’S DEBTS TO ROUELLE

IF 0.3 4区 哲学 Q4 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Earth Sciences History Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI:10.17704/1944-6187-40.2.332
Gregory Todd
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Abstract

This contribution, in two parts, addresses a long-standing problem in the history of geology: Was the geological theory of James Hutton derived inductively from observations and scientific knowledge, or was it derived a priori as a speculative system? Hutton’s own writings do little to clarify the question, and the conflict in interpretations has remained at an impasse. This contribution proposes to resolve that conflict by focusing on the two years Hutton spent as a young man studying chemistry in Paris. I argue that Hutton studied with one of the great chemistry teachers of the eighteenth century, Guillaume-François Rouelle, and that Rouelle’s teachings provided the foundations of Hutton’s geological theory. Part One of this contribution reviewed evidence that Hutton was a student of Rouelle’s, and concluded with a high degree of confidence, but less than certainty, that Hutton did study with Rouelle. In this Part Two, it is argued that Hutton adopted almost all the geological ideas found in Rouelle’s lectures. This Part Two also proposes a reconstruction of the development of Hutton’s cyclical model of Earth strata, taken as the starting point of his broader theory, to show that it developed from observations and inductions, and his study with Rouelle, and was not developed as an a priori system. That conclusion will require a new interpretation of Hutton’s theory, which should now be understood as part of a continuum of geological knowledge developing during the eighteenth century.
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赫顿地球理论的法国基础,第二部分:赫顿欠鲁埃尔的债
这一贡献分两部分,解决了地质学历史上一个长期存在的问题:詹姆斯·赫顿的地质理论是从观察和科学知识中归纳出来的,还是作为一个思辨系统先验地推导出来的?赫顿自己的作品几乎没有澄清这个问题,各种解释的冲突一直处于僵局。这篇文章建议通过关注赫顿年轻时在巴黎学习化学的两年时间来解决这一冲突。我认为赫顿师从18世纪一位伟大的化学老师纪尧姆-弗朗索瓦·鲁埃尔,而鲁埃尔的教导为赫顿的地质理论奠定了基础。这篇文章的第一部分回顾了赫顿是鲁埃尔学生的证据,并高度自信地得出结论,但不太确定,赫顿确实和鲁埃尔一起学习过。在第二部分中,我们认为赫顿几乎采纳了鲁埃尔讲座中发现的所有地质学观点。第二部分还提出重建赫顿的地球地层周期模型的发展,将其作为其更广泛理论的起点,以表明它是从观察和归纳以及他与Rouelle的研究中发展起来的,而不是作为一个先验系统发展起来的。这一结论需要对赫顿的理论进行新的解释,而赫顿的理论现在应该被理解为18世纪发展起来的地质知识统一体的一部分。
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来源期刊
Earth Sciences History
Earth Sciences History GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
CiteScore
1.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
1
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Earth Sciences History promotes and publishes historical work on all areas of the earth sciences – including geology, geography, geophysics, oceanography, paleontology, meteorology, and climatology. The journal honors and encourages a variety of approaches to historical study: biography, history of ideas, social history, and histories of institutions, organizations, and techniques. Articles are peer reviewed.
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