Autogenic and allogenic controls on the temporal palaeographic evolution of the Himalayan foreland basin: Insights from facies analysis of the lower Siwalik succession, Kumaun Himalaya, India

IF 1 4区 地球科学 Q4 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Island Arc Pub Date : 2022-09-09 DOI:10.1111/iar.12461
Pradeep K. Goswami, Karuna Singh
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Abstract

The lower Siwalik succession in the south-central Kumaun Himalaya records Middle Miocene fluvial sedimentation in the Himalayan foreland basin, the largest foreland basin of the world. Detailed facies analysis reveals three distinct facies associations, one of which is sand dominated channel deposits, and the other two are mudstone-sandstone, and mudstone dominated overbank deposits. The initial sedimentation in the region was in channels and frequently/extensively flooded overbank areas of a meandering/anastomosing river system. Activities along basement structures sometimes caused upheaval of the basin so that the streams got incised, and overbank areas rose up beyond the reach of flood waters. As a result, the fluvial sedimentation in these upland areas ceased, the sediments that had already deposited there were subjected to extensive pedogenesis, and occasionally reworked and redistributed by sheet flows and shallow channels. The channel pattern in the region gradually changed to braided type due to channel adjustments in response to rejuvenated tectonic activities and monsoon intensification in the hinterland. These factors caused increased influx of coarser sediments in the channels, which led to gradual steepening of the channel, and once the steepening crossed the threshold, the channel changed from meandering to braided type. Interpretation of our results is contrary to the general belief that Siwalik fluvial system changed from meandering streams to braided streams during the Middle Siwalik times, and the fluvial system in the studied part of the Siwalik basin underwent this change much earlier, during the sedimentation of Lower Siwalik.

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喜马拉雅前陆盆地时间古演化的自生与异体控制:来自印度Kumaun喜马拉雅地区下Siwalik序列相分析的启示
Kumaun -喜马拉雅中南部的下Siwalik序列记录了喜马拉雅前陆盆地中中新世的河流沉积,喜马拉雅前陆盆地是世界上最大的前陆盆地。详细的相分析显示出三种不同的相组合,其中一种为砂质为主的河道沉积,另两种为泥岩-砂岩沉积,泥岩为主的河岸沉积。该地区最初的沉积是在曲流/汇合水系的河道和频繁/广泛淹没的河岸地区。沿着基底构造的活动有时会引起盆地的隆起,使河流被切开,河岸地区上升到洪水无法到达的地方。结果,这些高地地区的河流沉积停止了,已经沉积在那里的沉积物受到广泛的成土作用,偶尔会被板流和浅河道重新加工和重新分配。随着构造活动的恢复和腹地季风的增强,河道调整,河道形态逐渐向辫状型转变。这些因素导致河道内粗质沉积物流入增加,河道逐渐变陡,一旦变陡超过阈值,河道由曲流型向辫状型转变。本研究结果的解释与一般认为Siwalik河系在中Siwalik时期由曲流河转变为辫状河的观点相反,而Siwalik盆地研究部分的河系在下Siwalik沉积时期就经历了这种转变。
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来源期刊
Island Arc
Island Arc 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
26.70%
发文量
32
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Island Arc is the official journal of the Geological Society of Japan. This journal focuses on the structure, dynamics and evolution of convergent plate boundaries, including trenches, volcanic arcs, subducting plates, and both accretionary and collisional orogens in modern and ancient settings. The Journal also opens to other key geological processes and features of broad interest such as oceanic basins, mid-ocean ridges, hot spots, continental cratons, and their surfaces and roots. Papers that discuss the interaction between solid earth, atmosphere, and bodies of water are also welcome. Articles of immediate importance to other researchers, either by virtue of their new data, results or ideas are given priority publication. Island Arc publishes peer-reviewed articles and reviews. Original scientific articles, of a maximum length of 15 printed pages, are published promptly with a standard publication time from submission of 3 months. All articles are peer reviewed by at least two research experts in the field of the submitted paper.
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