Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated with COVID-19 Infection: Clinical Presentation and Outcome

Abstract

Abstract Objective  In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, many children presenting with persistent fever, rashes, conjunctivitis, abdominal pain, respiratory distress, and shock were reported and diagnosed with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). The aim of the study was to observe the clinical presentation and outcome of MIS-C treated at a tertiary care hospital. Methods  Eighteen children, aged 24 days to 18 years, with suspected MIS-C were admitted. Their clinical presentation, laboratory parameters, radiological investigations, management, and outcomes were recorded. Results  Median age was 8 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.5, 14), and the male-to-female ratio was 1:1. Fever, tachycardia, respiratory distress, hypotension, and seizures with altered sensorium were present in 94.4, 88.8, 83.3, 44.4, and 44.4% of the cases, respectively. Median erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, serum ferritin, and d-Dimer levels were 21 mm/h, 151 mg/L (1,14.2, 319), 1,091 µg/L (737.4, 1,456), and 3,094 ng/mL (990, 4,300), respectively. Methylprednisolone was given to all patients. Low molecular weight heparin and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) were instituted in 83.3 and 38.8% cases, respectively. Seventeen patients (94.4%) required oxygen therapy and 44.4% needed mechanical ventilation. Fourteen patients (77.7%) recovered completely and four cases (22.2%) expired during the hospital stay. The need for ventilation and the presence of shock adversely affected the outcome. Conclusion  Chief clinical presentations in the patients of MIS-C were fever, respiratory distress, hypotension, and altered sensorium. Among admitted patients, 87.8% cases were managed successfully by systemic corticosteroids with or without IVIG. Need for mechanical ventilation, shock, and central nervous system symptoms at admission appear to be important factors that can lead to mortality.