Creation of source material by attracting different varieties of common winter wheat in breeding for adaptability, productivity, and grain quality

Abstract

The relevance of the subject matter lies in the constant pursuit to improve and improve varieties of common winter wheat by using various genetic resources and breeding methods to achieve better adaptability, higher productivity, and superior grain quality. The purpose of the study was to expand the genetic diversity of common winter wheat, which combines high productivity and adaptability for further breeding in the context of food security. The research uses generally accepted methods and their modifications, which ensured high objectivity of the results obtained. Phenology, morphological studies, and evaluation of breeding material based on economically valuable characteristics were carried out according to the methodology for conducting an expert examination of plant varieties. It was found that the involvement of the Ferrugineum 1239 sample before crossing allows forming a hybrid material with increased resistance against adverse abiotic environmental factors, which was observed on crops of breeding numbers 0284/18/1, 0135/18, 0209/18/1, etc. It was proved that consideration of the nature of inheritance and preservation of features of ear productivity elements at the level of the best parent components in combination with high quantitative features of the number of grains from the main ear, the weight of grains from the main ear, the weight of 1,000 grains in hybrid populations of the first generation, the above combinations of crosses Triticum aestivum var. erythrospermum with Triticum aestivum var. barbarossa, Triticum aestivum var. erythrospermum with Triticum aestivum var. ferrugineum can be valuable in the selection of common winter wheat. The practical value of the study lies in the fact that the findings expand information about the use of erythrospermum and lutescens and other varieties of common wheat in breeding for the productivity and quality of common winter wheat: Triticum aestivum var. barbarossa and Triticum aestivum var. ferrugineum. As a result of the research, the best samples (F4 ) were transferred to the Nosivka Breeding and Research Station for further breeding work