Science and Technology in Russian Cosmic Utopias from the Beginning of the Twentieth Century: Konstantin Tsiolkovsky and Alexander Bogdanov

IF 0.4 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Utopian Studies Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI:10.5325/utopianstudies.33.1.0036
Marcin Pomarański
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Abstract

abstract:The beginning of the twentieth century was a period of an intense development of technological utopia. The advancement of the natural sciences at that time provided scholars and thinkers with a new perspective and a better tool for getting to know the universe. Thanks to this, utopian visions created at that time were more daring and ambitious than their predecessors. It is no coincidence that the first cosmic utopias were created at this time, positioning ideal communities outside the earth. Russian authors Alexander Bogdanov and Konstantin Tsiolkovsky stand out among the creators of such utopias. These two renowned scientists, considered pioneers in their respective areas, presented within the span of slightly more than a decade surprisingly similar visions, one of them taking place on Mars and the other in the cosmic space. What sets the two narratives apart is the role they attribute to science and technology. Regardless of the fact that both utopias are characterized by a high level of scientific development and technological advancement, the scientific-technological factor is a vital determinant of the idealized community in only one of them. The key to understanding this discrepancy may be found in the works of British writer H. G. Wells.
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20世纪初俄国宇宙乌托邦中的科学与技术:康斯坦丁·齐奥尔科夫斯基与亚历山大·波格丹诺夫
20世纪初是技术乌托邦激烈发展的时期。当时自然科学的发展为学者和思想家们认识宇宙提供了新的视角和更好的工具。正因为如此,当时创造的乌托邦愿景比他们的前辈更加大胆和雄心勃勃。第一个宇宙乌托邦是在这个时候被创造出来的,它将理想的社区定位在地球之外,这并非巧合。俄罗斯作家亚历山大·波格丹诺夫和康斯坦丁·齐奥尔科夫斯基在这些乌托邦的创造者中脱颖而出。这两位著名的科学家被认为是各自领域的先驱,他们在十多年的时间里提出了惊人的相似愿景,其中一个发生在火星上,另一个发生在宇宙空间。这两种说法的不同之处在于,它们把科学和技术所起的作用区分开来。尽管这两个乌托邦都以高度的科学发展和技术进步为特征,但科学技术因素仅在其中一个乌托邦中是理想化社区的重要决定因素。理解这种差异的关键可以在英国作家h.g.威尔斯的作品中找到。
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来源期刊
Utopian Studies
Utopian Studies HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
0.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
27
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