Structure and Functions of Gap Junctions and Their Constituent Connexins in the Mammalian CNS

IF 1.1 Q4 CELL BIOLOGY Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series A: Membrane and Cell Biology Pub Date : 2021-06-10 DOI:10.1134/S1990747821020069

E. Yu. Kirichenko, S. N. Skatchkov, A. M. Ermakov

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引用次数: 6

Abstract—

Numerous data obtained in the last 20 years indicate that all parts of the mature central nervous system, from the retina and olfactory bulb to the spinal cord and brain, contain cells connected by gap junctions (GJs). The morphological basis of the GJs is a group of joined membrane hemichannels called connexons, the subunit of each connexon is the protein connexin. In the central nervous system, connexins show specificity and certain types of them are expressed either in neurons or in glial cells. Connexins and GJs of neurons, combining certain types of inhibitory hippocampal and neocortical neuronal ensembles, provide synchronization of local impulse and rhythmic activity, thalamocortical conduction, control of excitatory connections, which reflects their important role in the processes of perception, concentration of attention and consolidation of memory, both on the cellular and at the system level. Connexins of glial cells are ubiquitously expressed in the brain, and the GJs formed by them provide molecular signaling and metabolic cooperation and play a certain role in the processes of neuronal migration during brain development, myelination, tissue homeostasis, and apoptosis. At the same time, mutations in the genes of glial connexins, as well as a deficiency of these proteins, are associated with such diseases as congenital neuropathies, hearing loss, skin diseases, and brain tumors. This review summarizes the existing data of numerous molecular, electrophysiological, pharmacological, and morphological studies aimed at progress in the study of the physiological and pathophysiological significance of glial and neuronal connexins and GJs for the central nervous system.

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哺乳动物中枢神经系统缝隙连接及其组成连接蛋白的结构和功能

摘要:近20年来获得的大量数据表明，成熟中枢神经系统的所有部分，从视网膜和嗅球到脊髓和大脑，都含有通过间隙连接(GJs)连接的细胞。GJs的形态基础是一组被称为连接子的连接膜半通道，每个连接子的亚基是蛋白质连接蛋白。在中枢神经系统中，连接蛋白表现出特异性，某些类型的连接蛋白在神经元或神经胶质细胞中表达。神经元的连接蛋白和gj结合某些类型的抑制性海马和新皮层神经元群，提供局部冲动和节律活动的同步，丘脑皮质传导，兴奋性连接的控制，这反映了它们在细胞和系统水平上的感知，注意力集中和记忆巩固过程中的重要作用。胶质细胞的连接蛋白在脑内普遍表达，其形成的GJs提供分子信号和代谢合作，在脑发育、髓鞘形成、组织稳态和细胞凋亡过程中神经元迁移过程中发挥一定作用。与此同时，神经胶质连接蛋白基因的突变以及这些蛋白的缺乏与先天性神经病、听力丧失、皮肤病和脑肿瘤等疾病有关。本文从分子、电生理、药理学、形态学等方面对神经连接素和GJs在中枢神经系统中的生理和病理生理意义进行综述。

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Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series A: Membrane and Cell Biology CELL BIOLOGY-

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1.40

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期刊介绍： Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series A: Membrane and Cell Biology is an international peer reviewed journal that publishes original articles on physical, chemical, and molecular mechanisms that underlie basic properties of biological membranes and mediate membrane-related cellular functions. The primary topics of the journal are membrane structure, mechanisms of membrane transport, bioenergetics and photobiology, intracellular signaling as well as membrane aspects of cell biology, immunology, and medicine. The journal is multidisciplinary and gives preference to those articles that employ a variety of experimental approaches, basically in biophysics but also in biochemistry, cytology, and molecular biology. The journal publishes articles that strive for unveiling membrane and cellular functions through innovative theoretical models and computer simulations.

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