Unfolding the potential of nanocomposites as drug carriers and their future scenarios

Abstract

Research and development of nanocomposites have become a scientific field of interest in the last decade. These are formed from mixtures of polymers and inorganic solids that combine to form a heterogeneous/hybrid material. They are a type of matrix added to nanoparticles to enhance mechanical properties and additional properties such as electrical, physical and optical properties, followed by size repositioning. These matrices are added in a concentration of about 0.5–2% in the nanocomposite structure. Minor changes in structure, composition, interfacial interactions and components or any exclusive properties may instigate the product. Regarding the method of preparation, the biopolymer and inorganic matrix are grown and polymerized in situ to create a nanocomposite material. The use of nanocomposites has increased its share of interest in biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences, as they can be used as a medicinal carrier due to their morphological properties, such as their surface and rheological properties. This comprehensive review aims to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of nanocomposites, their method of preparation, their types and the utility of nanocomposites as a controlled and targeted delivery system, their use to deliver anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and cardiovascular drugs, including their prospects.