Military Ranks and Titles From Old Turkic to Middle Turkic

F. Turan
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

This study determines the military-administrative ranks and titles in Old and Middle Turkic texts beginning with the Köktürk Inscriptions, monuments bearing the first known Turkic written alphabet and the Old Uighur documents created afterwards. It also aims to demonstrate how this system of military ranks and titles was transformed in Karakhanid, Khwarezm-Kipchak and Chaghatayid Turkic as the idioms of the first Islamic period of Turkic. In this context, it is established that in Old Turkic, the majority of the ranks and titles were of Turkic origin and only a limited number of the related vocabularies were of Chinese, Sanskrit and Iranian. This situation changed as Arabic and Persian words appeared in Kutadgu Bilig (11th century) for the first time as the first literary Islamic-Turkic work and as their number grew and replaced many Old Turkic ranks and titles in the following Khwarezm-Kipchak period during the 1415th centuries. In addition to Arabic and Persian loanwords, many Mongolian words were also used in Chaghatay Turkic, which became an advanced literary Turkic idiom in the second part of the 15th century, and all these lexical items consequently created a rich military terminology in that period.
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从古突厥语到中突厥语的军衔和头衔
这项研究确定了古和中突厥文本中的军事行政级别和头衔,从Köktürk铭文开始,带有最早的突厥文字字母的纪念碑和后来创建的古维吾尔文件。它还旨在展示这种军衔和头衔系统是如何在卡拉汗尼德、花剌子木-基普察克和恰哈塔伊德突厥语中作为第一个伊斯兰时期突厥语的习语而转变的。在这种背景下,可以确定的是,在古突厥语中,大多数的等级和头衔都来自突厥语,只有有限数量的相关词汇来自汉语、梵语和伊朗语。随着阿拉伯语和波斯语作为第一部伊斯兰-突厥文学作品首次出现在Kutadgu Bilig(11世纪)中,这种情况发生了变化,随着它们的数量增长,并在1415世纪的花剌子木-基普恰克时期取代了许多旧突厥语的等级和头衔。除了阿拉伯语和波斯语的外来词外,察合台突厥语中还使用了许多蒙古词,在15世纪下半叶成为一种先进的突厥语文学成语,所有这些词汇项目因此在该时期创造了丰富的军事术语。
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