Study of deformation structures maps in metals under tension

Abstract

The paper considers the regularities of macroscopic inhomogeneity of plastic flow during uniaxial tension of flat samples of Fe-Cr-Ni 2 mm thick. Their tension axis was oriented along the rolling direction. The average grain size was 12.5 ± 3 mm. The plastic flow curves of the alloy had long stages of linear strain hardening over the entire test temperature range 180 K < T < 297 K. For the experimental study of plastic deformation, we used the method of accurately reconstructing the fields of displacement vectors and calculating the components of the plastic distortion tensor using speckle photography with increments of the total strain between exposures 0.001. The field of displacement vectors as a whole over the sample during loading is inhomogeneous both in the directions of the displacement vectors and in values; in some areas, the displacement vectors nonmonotonically change directions relative to the tension axis. It has been established that in the test temperature range 180 K < T < 297 K, plastic flow is localized at all stages of the process. The appearance of the a′-martensite phase during the deformation of the alloy under study leads to a change in the mechanical characteristics, the work hardening coefficient, and the deformation localization parameters. The maps of deformation structures are analyzed in the form of spatial distributions of the components of the plastic distortion tensor: local elongations, narrowings, shifts and rotations. The non-linear nature of the change in the coefficient of transverse deformation from the level of acting stresses is established. The general form and quantitative parameters of the evolution of the components of the plastic distortion tensor indicate the connection of this process with the self-organization of a defective subsystem in a deformable medium.