Microspheres: A Novel approach for Sustained Colon Targeted Drug Delivery

Abstract

Colon targeted medication delivery is a field of study for disorders including colon cancer and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with the goal of delivering localised therapy with minimal systemic damage. In recent decades, the global prevalence of colonic problems has increased, demanding more local treatment of colonic disorders, which will lead to the development of more effective and safe pharmaceutical regimens. When developing a formulation for colonic administration, it's critical to consider both the physiological characteristics of the colon and the environment surrounding the disease site (s). The GI tract experiences dynamic changes in motility, fluid volume, enzyme activity, and pH from the middle to the intestine. The current review focuses on Biodegradable polymers or protein‑based microspheres having free‑flowing properties and particle size 5200 nm have a variety of advantages over conventional colon targeted drug delivery systems. During drug transit through the GIT, polysaccharides maintain their integrity and inhibit drug release. When it comes into contact with colonic fluid, however, it is attacked by anaerobic microbes, and the imprisoned medication is released. In this review, several methods of microsphere formulation and characterization were investigated along with its in vitro and in vivo study methodology.