In vitro evaluation of cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of ethanolic extract of sweet apricot kernel on PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells

IF 1 Q4 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Nutrition & Food Science Pub Date : 2021-09-29 DOI:10.1108/nfs-11-2020-0452
Fatemeh Aamazadeh, J. Barar, Y. R. Saadat, A. Ostadrahimi
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic/apoptotic effects of sweet apricot kernel ethanolic extract (SAEE) on human cancerous PANC-1 and 293/KDR normal cells. Design/methodology/approach The extract was prepared by maceration, and its chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The biological effects of SAEE on PANC-1 and 293/KDR cells were investigated using MTT (3–(4, 5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay, DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) and AnnexinV/propidium iodide (PI) staining. The expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes was evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time q-PCR) analysis. Findings The SAEE showed the selective growth inhibitory activity against PANC-1 cells with an IC50 (the 50% inhibitory concentration) value of about 1 mg/mL at 72 h. Further investigations by DAPI staining and flow cytometry revealed nucleus fragmentation and elevation of apoptotic cells, respectively. Also, a significant decrease in B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2-associated x protein (Bax) ratio (0.41, p = 0.001) and the up-regulation of caspase-3 expression (1.5 fold, p = 0.002) indicated the induction of apoptosis in PANC-1 cells but not in 293/KDR non-cancerous cells. These results suggest that SAEE could induce apoptosis in cancer cells via a mitochondrial dependent pathway. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis showed that the SAEE is rich in γ-sitosterol and γ-tocopherol. Overall, the findings suggest that because of the selective impacts of SAEE on PANC-1 cells, it can be considered as a supportive care in adjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer. However, the potent anticancer effects of main components of SAEE and its clinical value as an antitumor drug should be further investigated. Research limitations/implications Considerable limitations of this study were that the related mechanisms of selective impacts of SAEE on cancerous and normal cells and potent cytotoxic/apoptotic effects of γ-sitosterol and γ-tocopherol as major components of SAEE were not investigated. Originality/value Recently, a growing interest has been dedicated to plant-based natural products. Sweet apricot kernel exerts a number of pharmacological activities; however, the anticancer effect, related mechanisms and its active compounds were rarely investigated. In this study, the authors aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic/apoptotic effects of SAEE on human cancerous PANC-1 and 293/KDR normal cells.
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甜杏醇提物对胰腺癌PANC-1细胞的细胞毒性和凋亡活性的体外评价
目的本研究旨在评价甜杏仁乙醇提取物(SAEE)对人胰腺癌PANC-1和293/KDR正常细胞的细胞毒性/凋亡作用。设计/方法/方法通过浸渍制备提取物,并通过气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析其化学成分。采用MTT(3–(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基四唑溴化物)法、DAPI(4’,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚)法和AnnexinV/碘化丙啶(PI)法研究了SAEE对PANC-1和293/KDR细胞的生物学效应。通过实时定量聚合酶链反应(实时q-PCR)分析评估促凋亡基因和抗凋亡基因的表达。SAEE对PANC-1细胞具有选择性生长抑制活性,IC50(50%抑制浓度)值约为1 72时为mg/mL h.DAPI染色和流式细胞术的进一步研究分别显示细胞核碎裂和凋亡细胞的升高。此外,B细胞淋巴瘤2(Bcl-2)/Bcl-2相关x蛋白(Bax)比率的显著降低(0.41,p=0.001)和胱天蛋白酶-3表达的上调(1.5倍,p=0.002)表明PANC-1细胞中诱导了细胞凋亡,而293/KDR非癌细胞中没有。这些结果表明,SAEE可以通过线粒体依赖性途径诱导癌症细胞凋亡。此外,GC-MS分析表明,SAEE富含γ-谷甾醇和γ-生育酚。总体而言,研究结果表明,由于SAEE对PANC-1细胞的选择性影响,它可以被视为癌症辅助治疗的支持性护理。然而,SAEE主要成分的强效抗癌作用及其作为抗肿瘤药物的临床价值仍有待进一步研究。研究局限性/含义本研究的相当大的局限性是,没有研究SAEE对癌细胞和正常细胞的选择性影响的相关机制,以及作为SAEE主要成分的γ-谷甾醇和γ-生育酚的强大细胞毒性/凋亡作用。独创性/价值最近,人们对植物性天然产品越来越感兴趣。甜杏仁具有多种药理活性;然而,对其抗癌作用、相关机制及其活性成分的研究却很少。在本研究中,作者旨在评估SAEE对人癌PANC-1和293/KDR正常细胞的细胞毒性/凋亡作用。
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来源期刊
Nutrition & Food Science
Nutrition & Food Science FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY-
CiteScore
2.80
自引率
8.30%
发文量
85
期刊介绍: Nutrition & Food Science* (NFS) is an international, double blind peer-reviewed journal offering accessible and comprehensive coverage of food, beverage and nutrition research. The journal draws out the practical and social applications of research, demonstrates best practice through applied research and case studies and showcases innovative or controversial practices and points of view. The journal is an invaluable resource to inform individuals, organisations and the public on modern thinking, research and attitudes to food science and nutrition. NFS welcomes empirical and applied research, viewpoint papers, conceptual and technical papers, case studies, meta-analysis studies, literature reviews and general reviews which take a scientific approach to the following topics: -Attitudes to food and nutrition -Healthy eating/ nutritional public health initiatives, policies and legislation -Clinical and community nutrition and health (including public health and multiple or complex co-morbidities) -Nutrition in different cultural and ethnic groups -Nutrition during pregnancy, lactation, childhood, and young adult years -Nutrition for adults and older people -Nutrition in the workplace -Nutrition in lower and middle income countries (incl. comparisons with higher income countries) -Food science and technology, including food processing and microbiological quality -Genetically engineered foods -Food safety / quality, including chemical, physical and microbiological analysis of how these aspects effect health or nutritional quality of foodstuffs
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