Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The brain gut axis can play an important role in the occurrence and development of IBD through psychological, neural, endocrine, and immune regulation. Observing and studying the brain structure and functional abnormalities of IBD patients through MRI, especially the observation of brain functional abnormalities, is conducive to a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of IBD and finding new treatment methods from the neural perspective that may effectively alleviate intestinal inflammation or alleviate abdominal pain symptoms.