Potential inhibitors of extra-synaptic NMDAR/TRPM4 interaction: Screening, molecular docking, and structure-activity analysis

Abstract

Over-activation of extra-synaptic NMDARs by excessive glutamate is known to cause excitotoxicity. The molecular mechanism of how this excitotoxicity occurs was revealed recently. This paper presents the results of in silico studies aimed at finding potential small-molecule inhibitors that can block this mechanism, namely the extra-synaptic NMDAR/TRPM4 interaction. We screened for small molecules according to 2D (at least Tanimoto threshold was 90%) and/or 3D similarity, molecular weight, lipophilicity using control compounds (C8 and C19) targeting this interaction. We then pre-filtered these molecules according to their drug-likeness and toxicity profiles. After pre-filtering, we performed a docking study against the extra-synaptic NMDAR/TRPM4 interaction with the remaining 26 compounds. In addition, we determined that selected compounds exhibit low affinity for classical NMDAR ligand binding sites. Ultimately, we identified four novel compounds (C8-12, C8-15, C19-3, C19-4) that could block the extra-synaptic NMDAR/TRPM4 interaction without inhibiting the normal function of synaptic NMDARs.