M. van der Stelt, A. Verhulst, C. Slump, Marco Papenburg, M. Grobusch, L. Brouwers, T. Maal
{"title":"Design and Production of Low-Cost 3D-Printed Transtibial Prosthetic Sockets","authors":"M. van der Stelt, A. Verhulst, C. Slump, Marco Papenburg, M. Grobusch, L. Brouwers, T. Maal","doi":"10.1097/JPO.0000000000000399","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction Only 5% to 15% of individuals with amputation living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have access to proper prostheses. Mainly, prosthetic costs are too high, and facilities are not within reach. Measurement and production of traditional prosthetic sockets are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and highly dependent on the experience and skills of the personnel involved. Materials and Methods This report describes the workflow to produce low-cost patella tendon bearing transtibial prosthetic sockets. Using computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), transtibial prostheses can be easily produced in rural areas. The size of the residual limb was scanned with a handheld 3D-scanner (Einscanner Pro Plus), and the sockets were printed using fused filament fabrication (FFF) with an Ultimaker S5. The foot was made locally, and the other prosthetic parts were imported. The 3D-printed socket costs US $20 (excluding value-added tax [VAT]). The total material cost of the prosthesis, including the other prosthetic materials, amounts to approximately US $100 (excluding VAT). Assuming the asset cost of the devices, the costs of one local employee, overhead expenses, a profit margin, and the VAT included, a 3D-printed prosthesis could be sold for US $170. Conclusions This report provides a blueprint to produce low-cost 3D-printed transtibial prosthetic sockets. Further research will be conducted to replace the imported prosthetic parts for local products and to automatize the digital design process. Clinical Relevance With this workflow, prosthetic sockets can be produced consistently, which makes it a suitable method in LMICs.","PeriodicalId":53702,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics","volume":"35 1","pages":"e30 - e36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4000,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"2","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JPO.0000000000000399","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"ORTHOPEDICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction Only 5% to 15% of individuals with amputation living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have access to proper prostheses. Mainly, prosthetic costs are too high, and facilities are not within reach. Measurement and production of traditional prosthetic sockets are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and highly dependent on the experience and skills of the personnel involved. Materials and Methods This report describes the workflow to produce low-cost patella tendon bearing transtibial prosthetic sockets. Using computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), transtibial prostheses can be easily produced in rural areas. The size of the residual limb was scanned with a handheld 3D-scanner (Einscanner Pro Plus), and the sockets were printed using fused filament fabrication (FFF) with an Ultimaker S5. The foot was made locally, and the other prosthetic parts were imported. The 3D-printed socket costs US $20 (excluding value-added tax [VAT]). The total material cost of the prosthesis, including the other prosthetic materials, amounts to approximately US $100 (excluding VAT). Assuming the asset cost of the devices, the costs of one local employee, overhead expenses, a profit margin, and the VAT included, a 3D-printed prosthesis could be sold for US $170. Conclusions This report provides a blueprint to produce low-cost 3D-printed transtibial prosthetic sockets. Further research will be conducted to replace the imported prosthetic parts for local products and to automatize the digital design process. Clinical Relevance With this workflow, prosthetic sockets can be produced consistently, which makes it a suitable method in LMICs.
在低收入和中等收入国家(LMICs),只有5%至15%的截肢患者能够获得合适的假肢。主要原因是假肢成本太高,而且设备也不够。传统义肢窝的测量和生产是耗时、劳动密集型的,高度依赖于相关人员的经验和技能。材料和方法本报告描述了低成本的髌骨肌腱承载经胫骨假体窝的生产流程。利用计算机辅助设计(CAD)和计算机辅助制造(CAM)技术,可以方便地在农村地区生产跨胫假体。使用手持式3d扫描仪(Einscanner Pro Plus)扫描残肢的尺寸,并使用Ultimaker S5使用熔丝制造(FFF)打印插座。这只脚是当地制造的,其他假肢部件都是进口的。这个3d打印插座售价20美元(不包括增值税)。假体的总材料成本,包括其他假体材料,大约为100美元(不包括增值税)。假设设备的资产成本、一名当地员工的成本、管理费用、利润率和增值税在内,一个3d打印假肢的售价可以达到170美元。结论本报告为低成本3d打印胫骨假体提供了一个蓝图。将进一步研究用本地产品取代进口假肢部件,并实现数字化设计过程的自动化。通过这种工作流程,可以一致地制作假体窝,这使其成为中低收入国家的合适方法。
期刊介绍:
Published quarterly by the AAOP, JPO: Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics provides information on new devices, fitting and fabrication techniques, and patient management experiences. The focus is on prosthetics and orthotics, with timely reports from related fields such as orthopaedic research, occupational therapy, physical therapy, orthopaedic surgery, amputation surgery, physical medicine, biomedical engineering, psychology, ethics, and gait analysis. Each issue contains research-based articles reviewed and approved by a highly qualified editorial board and an Academy self-study quiz offering two PCE''s.