Integrating Fossil Diagenesis and Geochemistry in the Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction of a Tank Deposit Bearing Quaternary Vertebrates in Northeastern Brazil

IF 1.2 4区 地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY Ameghiniana Pub Date : 2022-08-03 DOI:10.5710/AMGH.16.05.2022.3459
Juliana Carvalho-Laurentino, K. Porpino, H. I. Araújo-Júnior
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Abstract. In this work, we studied the fossil diagenesis of vertebrates recovered from a quaternary tank deposit at Taperoá, Paraíba State, northeastern Brazil. The samples were classified based on the staining pattern and examined using petrography, fluorescence (XRF), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. A principal component analysis (PCA) was used to verify the relationship between the staining and chemical composition of the fossils. Microfractures, microcrackins, permineralization, and replacement were observed, although the bone microstructure was well preserved. The XRF analysis showed that the specimens with the highest percentage of manganese and iron appeared darkest (black and red shades, respectively), which the PCA confirmed. The variation in rare earth elements (REE) values indicates the occurrence of temporal mixing. The XRD analysis showed a predominance of hydroxyapatite; therefore, fossils may preserve the original mineral composition. Root marks and sun exposure bleaching were also observed, which suggested reworking and temporal mixing. Thus, we conclude that the tank deposit of Taperoá underwent different environmental conditions, from oxidising to reducing and wet to dry conditions, which caused diagenetic differences and represent a typical setting for tank deposits. This confirms the seasonality of the semi-arid climate of the Brazilian Intertropical Region (RIB) during the Pleistocene epoch. Resumen. En este trabajo estudiamos la fosildiagénesis de vertebrados recuperados de un depósito cuaternario en Taperoá, Estado de Paraíba, noreste de Brasil. Las muestras se clasificaron basado en el patrón de colour y se examinaron mediante descripción petrográfica, análisis de fluorescencia (FRX) y difracción de rayos X (XRD), con análisis de componentes principales (PCA) utilizado para verificar la relación entre la coloración y la composición química de los fósiles. Se observaron microfracturas, microroturas, permineralización y substituición, pero la microestructura ósea está bien conservada. El análisis FRX mostró que las especies con el mayor porcentaje de manganeso y hierro aparecen más oscuras (tonos de negro y rojo respectivamente); esto fue confirmado por análisis de PCA. Los valores variables de los Elementos de Tierras Raras (ETR) indican la ocurrencia de una mezcla temporal. El análisis XRD mostró un predominio de hidroxiapatita, por lo que es posible considerar que los fósiles conservaron la composición mineral original. También se observaron marcas de raíces y decoloración por exposición al sol, lo que sugiere retrabajo y mezcla temporal. Así, concluimos que el depósito tanque de Taperoá pasó por diferentes condiciones ambientales, desde redox y húmedo a seco, provocando diferencias diagenéticas - configuración típica en depósitos tanque. Esto confirma la estacionalidad del clima semiárido de la Región Intertropical Brasileña (RIB) durante la época del Pleistoceno.
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化石成岩作用和地球化学在巴西东北部第四纪脊椎动物储槽古环境重建中的整合
摘要。在这项工作中,我们研究了从巴西东北部帕拉伊巴州塔佩罗阿的一个第四纪坦克矿床中回收的脊椎动物的化石成岩作用。样本根据染色模式进行分类,并使用岩石学、荧光(XRF)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析进行检查。采用主成分分析(PCA)验证了化石染色与化学成分之间的关系。观察到微骨折、微裂缝、渗透矿化和置换,尽管骨骼微结构保存完好。XRF分析表明,锰和铁含量最高的标本看起来很暗(分别是黑色和红色的阴影),PCA证实了这一点。稀土元素(REE)值的变化表明了时间混合的发生。XRD分析显示羟磷灰石占主导地位;因此,化石可以保存原始矿物成分。还观察到根痕和阳光照射漂白,建议重新工作和临时混合。因此,我们的结论是,塔佩罗阿的矿床经历了不同的环境条件,从氧化到还原,从潮湿到干燥,这造成了成岩差异,是矿床的典型环境。这证实了更新世巴西热带地区半干旱气候的季节性。总结。在这项工作中,我们研究了从巴西东北部帕拉伊巴州塔佩罗阿第四纪沉积物中回收的脊椎动物的化石诊断。根据颜色模式对样本进行分类,并通过岩相描述、荧光分析(FRX)和X射线衍射(XRD)对样本进行检查,用主成分分析(PCA)验证颜色与化石化学成分之间的关系。观察到微骨折、微骨折、永久化和替代,但骨微结构保存完好。FRX分析表明,锰和铁比例最高的物种看起来更暗(分别为黑色和红色);PCA分析证实了这一点。稀土元素(ETR)的可变值表示临时混合物的发生。XRD分析显示羟基磷灰石占主导地位,因此可以认为化石保留了原始矿物成分。还观察到因暴露在阳光下而产生的根部和变色痕迹,这表明收缩和暂时混合。因此,我们得出的结论是,塔佩罗亚的储罐经历了不同的环境条件,从氧化还原和潮湿到干燥,导致了储罐中典型的成岩结构差异。这证实了巴西热带间地区(RIB)更新世半干旱气候的季节性。
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来源期刊
Ameghiniana
Ameghiniana 地学-古生物学
CiteScore
2.50
自引率
10.00%
发文量
21
期刊介绍: Ameghiniana is a bimonthly journal that publishes original contributions on all disciplines related to paleontology, with a special focus on the paleontology of Gondwana and the biotic history of the southern hemisphere. Published yearly since 1957, it has undoubtedly become the main palaeontological publication from Latin America. Ameghiniana has recently broadened its editorial board, reorganized its production process, and increased to a bimonthly frequency, which resulted in a significant decrease in the turn around time.
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