What counts as a multimodal metaphor and metonymy? Evolution of inter-rater reliability across rounds of annotation

IF 16.4 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI:10.1017/langcog.2023.26
Paula Pérez Sobrino, Samantha Ford
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Abstract

An open question in research on multimodal figuration is how to mitigate the analyst’s bias in identifying and interpreting metaphor and metonymy; an issue that determines the generalizability of the findings. Little is known about the causes that motivate different annotations. Inter-rater reliability tests are useful to investigate the sources of variation in annotations by independent researchers that can help inform and refine protocols. Inspired by existing procedures for verbal, visual, and filmic metaphor identification, we formulated instructions to identify multimodal metaphor and metonymy and tested it against a corpus of 21 generic advertisements and 21 genre-specific advertisements (mobile phones). Two independent researchers annotated the advertisements in six rounds. A joint discussion followed each round to consider conflicting annotations and refine the protocol for the ensuing round. By examining the evolution of inter-rater reliability results, we found that (1) we reached similar levels of agreement for the identification of metaphor and metonymy, although converging on the interpretation of metonymy was more difficult; (2) some genre specificities made it easier to agree on the annotations for mobile advertisements than for the general advertisements; and (3) there was a consistent increase in the kappa scores reaching substantial agreement by the sixth round.
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什么是多模态隐喻和转喻?跨轮注释间可靠性的演化
在多模态比喻研究中,一个悬而未决的问题是如何减轻分析人员在识别和解释隐喻和转喻时的偏见;这个问题决定了研究结果的可推广性。人们对激发不同注释的原因知之甚少。评分者间可靠性测试有助于调查独立研究人员注释变化的来源,这有助于为协议提供信息和完善协议。受现有的言语、视觉和电影隐喻识别程序的启发,我们制定了识别多模态隐喻和转喻的说明,并在21个通用广告和21个特定类型广告(手机)的语料库中进行了测试。两名独立研究人员分六轮对广告进行了注释。每一轮之后都会进行联合讨论,以考虑相互冲突的注释,并为下一轮完善协议。通过考察评分者间可靠性结果的演变,我们发现:(1)我们在识别隐喻和转喻方面达成了相似的一致性水平,尽管在转喻的解释上更难达成一致;(2) 一些类型的特殊性使得移动广告的注释比普通广告的注释更容易达成一致;(3)kappa评分持续增加,到第六轮时基本一致。
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来源期刊
Accounts of Chemical Research
Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合
CiteScore
31.40
自引率
1.10%
发文量
312
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.
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