CRISPR-Cas systems in diagnostics: A comprehensive assessment of Cas effectors and biosensors

Gene and genome editing Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI:10.1016/j.ggedit.2022.100019

Reha Onur Azizoglu

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Abstract

The development of rapid, sensitive, specific and accurate diagnostic tests is essential for improving the treatment outcome of diseases. In the majority of disease diagnosis, nucleic acid-based tests are accepted as a gold standard. In general, these tests provide reliable results, yet they require highly trained personnel and specialized equipmentation. With the introduction of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas systems in diagnostic applications, achieving breakthrough improvements in diagnostic tests is now possible. The specific target sequence recognition ability and trans-cleavage activity of certain Cas proteins enable novel applications of these systems in the development and improvement of diagnostic tests. These improvements and innovations allow for improved sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of point-of-care tests while keeping their costs at affordable levels. In this review, a comprehensive analysis of the common CRISPR-Cas systems used in diagnostic applications and the utilization of these systems in the design of novel biosensors is provided.

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CRISPR-Cas系统在诊断:Cas效应和生物传感器的综合评估

开发快速、灵敏、特异和准确的诊断测试对于改善疾病的治疗效果至关重要。在大多数疾病诊断中，基于核酸的检测被认为是金标准。一般来说，这些测试提供可靠的结果，但它们需要训练有素的人员和专门的设备。随着在诊断应用中引入集群规则间隔短回文重复(CRISPR)-Cas系统，在诊断测试中实现突破性改进现在是可能的。特定的靶序列识别能力和某些Cas蛋白的反式切割活性使这些系统在诊断测试的开发和改进中具有新的应用。这些改进和创新可以提高即时检测的灵敏度、特异性和准确性，同时将其成本保持在可承受的水平。在这篇综述中，全面分析了用于诊断应用的常见CRISPR-Cas系统以及这些系统在新型生物传感器设计中的应用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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