Countering Misinformation and Fake News Through Inoculation and Prebunking

IF 10.1 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL European Review of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2021-02-22 DOI:10.1080/10463283.2021.1876983

S. Lewandowsky, S. van der Linden

引用次数: 204

Abstract

ABSTRACT There has been increasing concern with the growing infusion of misinformation, or “fake news”, into public discourse and politics in many western democracies. Our article first briefly reviews the current state of the literature on conventional countermeasures to misinformation. We then explore proactive measures to prevent misinformation from finding traction in the first place that is based on the psychological theory of “inoculation”. Inoculation rests on the idea that if people are forewarned that they might be misinformed and are exposed to weakened examples of the ways in which they might be misled, they will become more immune to misinformation. We review a number of techniques that can boost people’s resilience to misinformation, ranging from general warnings to more specific instructions about misleading (rhetorical) techniques. We show that based on the available evidence, inoculation appears to be a promising avenue to help protect people from misinformation and “fake news”.

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通过接种和预接种应对虚假信息和假新闻

在许多西方民主国家，越来越多的错误信息或“假新闻”进入公共话语和政治，这引起了人们越来越多的关注。我们的文章首先简要回顾了目前关于错误信息的常规对策的文献现状。然后，我们基于“接种”的心理学理论，探索了防止错误信息在第一时间找到吸引力的积极措施。接种基于这样一种观点，即如果人们事先被警告他们可能会被误导，并接触到他们可能被误导的方式的弱化例子，他们将对错误信息有更大的免疫力。我们回顾了一些可以提高人们对错误信息的适应能力的技巧，从一般的警告到更具体的关于误导(修辞)技巧的指导。我们表明，根据现有证据，接种似乎是一个有希望的途径，以帮助保护人们免受错误信息和“假新闻”。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

European Review of Social Psychology PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL-

CiteScore

15.30

自引率

2.80%

发文量

期刊介绍： The "European Review of Social Psychology (ERSP)" is a distinguished international journal that operates under the patronage of the European Association of Social Psychology. It serves as a platform for comprehensive, theory-driven reviews that cover the broad spectrum of social psychology. The journal is open to submissions from authors worldwide and is guided by a prestigious international editorial board. ERSP is particularly interested in publishing reviews that reflect the author's own research program, as demonstrated by their publications in leading peer-reviewed journals. The journal values theoretical contributions that are grounded in a substantial empirical foundation, situating the research within the broader context of existing literature and offering a synthesis that goes beyond the individual articles. In addition to these in-depth reviews, ERSP also welcomes conventional reviews and meta-analyses, further enriching the journal's offerings. By focusing on high-quality, evidence-based research, ERSP contributes significantly to the advancement of knowledge in social psychology and fosters a deeper understanding of human social behavior across cultures and societies.