Adaptation and Normalization of the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) to Persian in a Sample of University Students

Abstract

Objective: To validate and normalize the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) for use in Iran. Method: This study was a correlation study. Participants in this study were 280 undergraduate students of Mashhad universities in 95-96 who were selected by multistage cluster sampling and responded into Persian version of Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) and the Cell-Phone Over-Use Scale (COS). Forty participants answered the questionnaire again two weeks later to assess the validity of the test-retest. The data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software version 20 and LISREL version 8 software. Cronbachchr('39')s alpha, Pearsonchr('39')s correlation analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used in this study. Results: The results indicated high validity of the questionnaire (Cronbachchr('39')s alpha for all items was 0.921 and for subscales ranging from 0.748 to 0.885). Concurrent validity was equal to (r = 0.51) and retest validity equal to (r = 0.81). Also confirmatory factor analysis results showed that all four factors of the original questionnaire were confirmed in Persian version. Conclusion: According to the results, the Persian version of the Nomophobia Questionnaire has good validity and validity for use in Iran.