Ambulatory Glucose Profile Changes During Pregnancy in Women With Type 1 Diabetes Using Intermittently Scanned Continuous Glucose Monitoring Empowered by Personalized Education.

Abstract

The ambulatory glucose profile is a valuable tool in managing type 1 diabetes during pregnancy. Time in range (TIR) in the third trimester is one of the most significant parameters contributing to good pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) empowered by education on glucose dynamics and to predict third trimester TIR. Data were retrospectively analyzed from 38 pregnant patients with type 1 diabetes (mean age 30.4 ± 6.4 years, BMI 23.7 ± 3.7 kg/m², disease duration 15.4 ± 9.5 years, preconception A1C 6.9 ± 1%) who used a first-generation FreeStyle Libre isCGM system for at least 3 months before conception and had sensor data captured >70% of the time the system was used. Patients received personalized education on diabetes and on minimizing hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia using CGM trend arrows and frequent sensor scanning. This intervention improved glycemic parameters of glucose regulation (TIR, glucose management indicator, and mean glucose), hyperglycemia (time above range), glucose variability (SD and coefficient of variation [%CV]), and scanning frequency, but did not improve parameters of hypoglycemia (time below range and a number of low glucose events). Logistic regression analysis showed that the first trimester %CV and scanning frequency contributed to the third trimester TIR (P <0.01, adjusted R² 0.40). This study suggests that the use of isCGM empowered by personalized education improves glycemic control in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. Scanning frequency and %CV in the first trimester predicts TIR in the third trimester, which could help clinicians intervene early to improve outcomes.