Examining the representation of landscape and its emotional value in German-Swiss fiction between 1840 and 1940

Abstract

This paper presents a quantitative analysis of the representation and affective encoding of fictional space in a corpus of 125 Swiss literary prose texts of the 19th and early 20th Century written in German, offering a contribution to both spatial and affective literary studies. Motivated by questions about the iconic dichotomy between ‘urban’ and ‘rural/natural’ space in literary works (Sengle; Fournier; Nell and Weiland) – and in Swiss literature around 1900 in particular (Rehm) – we use computational methods to detect and examine how different types of space are distributed and affectively encoded in German-Swiss literature. Taking into account the complexity of cultural perceptions and representations of space across history, we examine the presence of ‘urban’ and ‘rural/natural’ fictional spaces and their potential role in constructing a ‘Swiss’ national literature (Böhler; Zimmer), and their affective encoding. In order to do this, we first compiled a comprehensive dictionary of named and non-named spatial entities in the broad spatial categories RURAL and URBAN, and examined the presence of sentiment and emotions (valence and discrete emotions) and their ‘strength’ (arousal) in relation to these. We used current state-of-the-art sentiment lexicons for German available to the digital humanities community. Similarly to Heuser et al., we mapped the spatial entities and the sentiment lexicons onto our corpus, and focused on spans of +/-50 words around the detected entities, in order to examine the specific sentiment and emotions related to space. In an exploratory analysis, we offer here a first-time data-driven perspective on rural and urban fictional space, incorporating the dimension of affective encoding of space systematically.