Refined Opium Extract (Shireh) Poisoning: A 10-Year Retrospective Study in a Referral Poison Control Centre in Iran

Marzieh Azarakhsh, Mitra Rahimi, N. Zamani, S. Arbabi
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Background: There is limited data on refined opium extract (Shireh) abuse, especially the magnitude of its complications and its mortality rates. To bridge such a gap, in this study, we aimed to investigate the frequency of pure refined opium extract poisoning and its consequences in a sample of our patients. Methods:This retrospective study was conducted on all the patients presented to our center with pure refined opium extract poisoning. Patients’ demographics, clinical and laboratory data, and outcome were collected during a ten-year period between 2006 and 2016. The included patients were divided into two groups: those who remained conscious and those who developed loss of consciousness. However, they were compared subsequently. Results:A total of 227 patients were evaluated. Most (75.8 %) of them were male. Mean age was 38.26±25.91 years. We found a significant correlation between educational (.038), marital (<.001), and occupational status (<.001) and age-gender groups of the patients. The mean amount of refined opium extract consumed was 4400 mg which had significant correlation with hospitalization period (<.001) and on-arrival rhabdomyolysis (<.001). We also found a correlation in vomiting (<.001), dizziness (.015), respiratory distress (.001), and apnea (<.001) between the two groups. The mean hospitalization period was 2.3 days and the mortality rate was 1.76%. Conclusion: Naloxone therapy use effective in most cases of pure poisoning with refined opium extract. There were four deaths incidences three of which happened due to cardiopulmonary arrest following body packing. Further studies in this type of poisoning are recommended.
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精炼鸦片提取物(Shireh)中毒:在伊朗转诊中毒控制中心的10年回顾性研究
背景:关于精炼鸦片提取物(Shireh)滥用的数据有限,特别是其并发症的严重程度和死亡率。为了弥补这一差距,在本研究中,我们旨在调查纯精制鸦片提取物中毒的频率及其在我们的患者样本中的后果。方法:对我院收治的纯精制鸦片提取物中毒患者进行回顾性研究。在2006年至2016年的十年间收集了患者的人口统计数据、临床和实验室数据以及结果。纳入的患者被分为两组:一组保持清醒,另一组失去意识。然而,他们随后进行了比较。结果:共评估227例患者。其中男性居多(75.8%)。平均年龄38.26±25.91岁。我们发现患者的受教育程度(0.038)、婚姻状况(< 0.001)、职业状况(< 0.001)与年龄-性别之间存在显著相关。精炼鸦片提取物的平均消耗量为4400 mg,与住院时间(< 0.001)和到达时横纹肌溶解(< 0.001)有显著相关。我们还发现两组患者在呕吐(< 0.001)、头晕(0.015)、呼吸窘迫(0.001)和呼吸暂停(< 0.001)方面存在相关性。平均住院时间2.3 d,死亡率1.76%。结论:纳洛酮治疗绝大多数纯鸦片精中毒是有效的。有4例死亡,其中3例是由于装箱后心肺骤停造成的。建议对这类中毒进行进一步研究。
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期刊介绍: Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Toxicology (APJMT) aims to expand the knowledge of medical toxicology and tries to provide reliable information in this field for medical and healthcare professionals. APJMT mainly focuses on research related to medical toxicology issues in the Asia Pacific region and publishes articles on clinical and epidemiological aspects of toxicology, poisonings emergency care, addiction, drug interactions and adverse effects. The journal accepts and welcomes high quality papers in the form of original articles and rarely review articles, case reports and scientific letters relevant to medical practice in toxicology.
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