Changes in Soil Phosphorus Pools in Long-Term Wheat-Based Rotations in Saskatchewan, Canada With and Without Phosphorus Fertilization

IF 2 Q3 SOIL SCIENCE Spanish Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI:10.3389/sjss.2022.10737

B. Cade-Menun

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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for all organisms, and many crops require P fertilization for optimum yield. However, there are concerns about the P in agriculture, including the sustainability of phosphate sources for fertilizers and water quality problems from P loss in runoff from agricultural lands. Most crops do not use all of the P added each year as fertilizer, leaving residual soil P that could potentially be used by subsequent crops, minimizing the need for additional fertilization. However, more information is needed to understand soil residual P pools, and their availability to crops. In Swift Current, SK, Canada, a long-term study was initiated in 1967, with four wheat-based rotations [including continuous wheat (CW), fallow-wheat-wheat (FWW), fallow-wheat (FW) and lentil-wheat (WL), with P fertilization and with or without nitrogen (N) fertilization. In 1995, P fertilization ceased on subplots in the CW and FWW rotations, and in 2008 for the FW and WL rotations. This study examined changes in soil P pools (total P, organic P, and Olsen P) from 1995 to 2015 for CW and FWW rotations and from 2008 to 2016 for FW and WL rotations, plus crop yield and grain and straw N and P concentrations. Long-term P addition increased concentrations of soil total and Olsen P in FWW, CW and FW rotations, particularly in plots without N fertilization. However, calculated P depletions based on fertilizer addition and crop P removal were negative only for plots without N fertilization. Cessation of P fertilization reduced concentrations of soil total and Olsen P, especially in plots with N fertilization. Annual yields were affected more by N fertilization and precipitation than P fertilization. Grain and straw P concentrations were not significantly reduced with short-term P cessation in FW and WL rotations, but were reduced with longer-term P fertilizer cessation in FWW and CW rotations.

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加拿大萨斯喀彻温省长期小麦轮作土壤磷库的变化

磷（P）是所有生物的必需营养素，许多作物需要施肥才能获得最佳产量。然而，人们对农业中的磷存在担忧，包括化肥磷酸盐来源的可持续性，以及农业用地径流中磷流失造成的水质问题。大多数作物并没有将每年添加的所有磷用作肥料，留下的残留土壤磷可能被后续作物使用，从而最大限度地减少了额外施肥的需要。然而，需要更多的信息来了解土壤残留磷库及其对作物的可用性。在加拿大SK的Swift Current，一项长期研究于1967年启动，以小麦为基础的四轮轮作[包括连续小麦（CW）、休耕小麦（FWW）、休闲小麦（FW）和扁豆小麦（WL），施磷和施氮或不施氮。1995年，CW和FWW轮作中的亚地块停止施磷，2008年FW和WL轮作停止施磷。本研究检测了土壤磷库（总磷、有机磷和奥尔森磷）的变化1995年至2015年CW和FWW轮作，2008年至2016年FW和WL轮作，加上作物产量、谷物和秸秆氮磷浓度。长期施磷增加了FWW、CW和FW轮作中土壤总磷和Olsen磷的浓度，特别是在没有施氮的地块中。然而，基于化肥添加和作物磷去除计算的磷消耗量仅对未施用氮肥的地块为负值。停止施磷降低了土壤总磷和奥尔森磷的浓度，尤其是在施氮地块。氮肥和降水对年产量的影响大于磷肥。在FW和WL轮作中，短期停磷不会显著降低谷物和秸秆的磷浓度，但在FWW和CW轮作中，长期停磷会降低谷物和稻草的磷浓度。

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来源期刊

Spanish Journal of Soil Science SOIL SCIENCE-

CiteScore

2.20

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Spanish Journal of Soil Science (SJSS) is a peer-reviewed journal with open access for the publication of Soil Science research, which is published every four months. This publication welcomes works from all parts of the world and different geographic areas. It aims to publish original, innovative, and high-quality scientific papers related to field and laboratory research on all basic and applied aspects of Soil Science. The journal is also interested in interdisciplinary studies linked to soil research, short communications presenting new findings and applications, and invited state of art reviews. The journal focuses on all the different areas of Soil Science represented by the Spanish Society of Soil Science: soil genesis, morphology and micromorphology, physics, chemistry, biology, mineralogy, biochemistry and its functions, classification, survey, and soil information systems; soil fertility and plant nutrition, hydrology and geomorphology; soil evaluation and land use planning; soil protection and conservation; soil degradation and remediation; soil quality; soil-plant relationships; soils and land use change; sustainability of ecosystems; soils and environmental quality; methods of soil analysis; pedometrics; new techniques and soil education. Other fields with growing interest include: digital soil mapping, soil nanotechnology, the modelling of biological and biochemical processes, mechanisms and processes responsible for the mobilization and immobilization of nutrients, organic matter stabilization, biogeochemical nutrient cycles, the influence of climatic change on soil processes and soil-plant relationships, carbon sequestration, and the role of soils in climatic change and ecological and environmental processes.