European breeding phenology of the invasive common waxbill, a sub-Saharan opportunistic breeder

IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES acta ethologica Pub Date : 2021-07-06 DOI:10.1007/s10211-021-00376-9
Patrícia Beltrão, Ana Cristina R. Gomes, Cristiana I. Marques, Soraia Guerra, Helena R. Batalha, Gonçalo C. Cardoso
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引用次数: 8

Abstract

Biological invasions may involve species colonising different climatic regions than those in their native ranges, and it is not straightforward to predict how breeding phenology changes in the invasive ranges. The common waxbill Estrilda astrild is one of the most widespread invasive birds worldwide. It is an opportunistic breeder, adapted to transient breeding opportunities in its native sub-Saharan African range, which is often climatically unpredictable. The least equatorial range of invasive waxbills is now in Europe, in the Iberian Peninsula, where they experience predictably seasonal climate. Previous reports of waxbill breeding phenology in two different regions in Iberia show a very long breeding season, but differ in whether or not peak breeding coincides with the Spring breeding of native passerines. Using field data from over 20 sites across climatically different regions in their Iberian range, we show that waxbills have a long breeding season extending until Autumn, but with a clear Spring peak around May, both in regions with hotter and milder summers. Nest monitoring in a large mesocosm with over 50 waxbills, across 3 years, confirmed these field observations and showed what appears to be year-to-year plasticity in phenology, which may include smaller nesting peaks outside Spring. This behavioural flexibility, together with the long breeding season of waxbills in the Iberian temperate climate, likely facilitates their invasion success.

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入侵的普通蜡喙的欧洲繁殖物候学,撒哈拉以南的机会主义繁殖者
生物入侵可能涉及到物种在不同气候区域的定居,而不是在它们的原生范围内,并且预测在入侵范围内繁殖物候如何变化并不简单。普通的蜡喙是世界上最广泛的入侵鸟类之一。它是一种机会主义的繁殖者,适应了撒哈拉以南非洲地区的短暂繁殖机会,那里的气候通常是不可预测的。侵入性蜡喙的赤道范围最小的地方现在是在欧洲的伊比利亚半岛,在那里它们经历着可预测的季节性气候。以往关于伊比利亚两个不同地区的石蜡鸟繁殖物候的报道表明,石蜡鸟的繁殖季节非常长,但在繁殖高峰是否与当地雀形目鸟类的春季繁殖相吻合方面存在差异。利用来自伊比利亚地区气候不同地区20多个地点的实地数据,我们发现蜡喙的繁殖季节很长,一直延续到秋天,但在夏季更热、更温和的地区,五月左右是一个明显的春季高峰。在一个有50多只蜡鸟的大型中游环境中进行了3年的巢监测,证实了这些实地观察结果,并显示了物候学的逐年可塑性,其中可能包括春季以外的筑巢高峰较小。这种行为的灵活性,再加上伊比利亚温带气候中蜡喙漫长的繁殖季节,很可能促进了它们的入侵成功。
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来源期刊
acta ethologica
acta ethologica 生物-动物学
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
18
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: acta ethologica publishes empirical and theoretical research papers, short communications, commentaries, reviews and book reviews as well as methods papers in the field of ethology and related disciplines, with a strong concentration on the behavior biology of humans and other animals. The journal places special emphasis on studies integrating proximate (mechanisms, development) and ultimate (function, evolution) levels in the analysis of behavior. Aspects of particular interest include: adaptive plasticity of behavior, inter-individual and geographic variations in behavior, mechanisms underlying behavior, evolutionary processes and functions of behavior, and many other topics. acta ethologica is an official journal of ISPA, CRL and the Portuguese Ethological Society (SPE)
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