Association between Arsenic and Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Aim: In some regions of Bayannaoer arsenic concentration in well drinking water is higher than the international standard of 10 μg/L. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of exposures to arsenic in drinking water on generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Materials and Methods: A survey was conducted in 2016 among villagers in Hangjinhou County, Bayannaoer City, Inner Mongolia. A questionnaire was used to inquire about GAD, arsenic related neurological symptoms. Arsenic concentration in the water was measured and arsenicosis prevalence was assessed. Multinomial logistic regression and ordinal logistic regression were performed to evaluate the association of abnormal arsenic levels on increased GAD symptoms. Results: 446 participants were enrolled. Subjects with exposure to water arsenic levels>10 μg/L were significantly more likely to have mild GAD than controls (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-4.8). Participants who were diagnosed with arsenicosis were more likely to report mild anxiety than minimal anxiety compared to those who did not (AOR=2.3, 95% CI, 1.3-4.1). Survey respondents with palpitations, forgetfulness, headaches, dizziness, decreased taste, decreased hearing, loss of touch, abnormal warm and cold sensation, blurred vision, numbness and tingling were more likely to report mild, moderate and severe anxiety. Conclusions: Arsenic exposure was associated with a higher risk of GAD. Screening for arsenic exposure should be incorporated into the evaluation of GAD, in areas where arsenic in drinking water is known to be abnormal.