PLATE TECTONICS IN PORTUGUESE AND SPANISH SCIENCE TEXTBOOKS: FROM THE 1960s TO THE 1980s

IF 0.3 4区 哲学 Q4 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Earth Sciences History Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI:10.17704/1944-6187-40.2.538
Bento Cavadas
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Abstract

Plate tectonics caused a revolution within earth sciences which then was transposed into science textbooks. The main objective of this paper is to explore how plate tectonics influenced Portuguese and Spanish science textbooks published from the 1960s through the 1980s. For this purpose, a qualitative method based on the concept of didactic transposition is used. The didactic transposition of seafloor spreading evidence such as ridges, rifts and trenches, transform faults, seafloor sediments, the age of seafloor basaltic rocks, the magnetic anomalies on the seafloor, the Benioff zones and the subduction process, and also the didactic transposition of the formation of mountains ranges and island arcs, convection currents, plate tectonics concepts, boundaries and motion, and plate tectonics acceptance are studied in a comprehensive sample of science textbooks. The analysis of textbooks shows that the didactic transposition of seafloor spreading, and plate tectonics started mainly in 1970s Portuguese and Spanish textbooks and had a strong development in 1980s textbooks. No major differences were found between the approaches to plate tectonics in similar age Portuguese and Spanish textbooks. At the beginning of the 1970s, textbooks presented partial evidence for seafloor spreading, such as magnetic anomalies and the characteristics of ridges, rifts and trenches. They also addressed convection currents but only those that were related to geosynclines. In the mid 1970s and in the 1980s, textbooks presented more comprehensive evidence of seafloor spreading, by adding didactical transpositions of transform faults, seafloor sediments and the age of seafloor rocks. They also presented in more detail topics such as magnetic anomalies, the Benioff zones, orogenic processes and the tectonic significance of ridges, rifts and trenches. Plate tectonic theory was presented in major textbooks as widely accepted, and discussions about speculative facts or processes were rare.
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葡萄牙语和西班牙语科学教科书中的板块构造:从1960年代到1980年代
板块构造论引起了地球科学领域的一场革命,随后被纳入科学教科书。本文的主要目的是探讨板块构造如何影响葡萄牙和西班牙科学教科书出版从20世纪60年代到80年代。为了达到这个目的,我们使用了一种基于教学换位概念的定性方法。海底扩张证据,如山脊、裂谷和海沟、转换断层、海底沉积物、海底玄武岩的年龄、海底磁异常、贝尼奥夫带和俯冲过程,以及山脉和岛弧的形成、对流、板块构造概念、边界和运动的教诲性转置,并在科学教科书的综合样本中研究了板块构造的接受性。对教科书的分析表明,海底扩张和板块构造的教学转换主要开始于20世纪70年代的葡萄牙语和西班牙语教科书,并在20世纪80年代的教科书中得到了强烈的发展。在类似时代的葡萄牙语和西班牙语教科书中,没有发现板块构造论的方法有重大差异。20世纪70年代初,教科书提供了海底扩张的部分证据,如磁异常和脊、裂、沟的特征。他们也研究了对流,但仅限于与地槽有关的对流。在20世纪70年代中期和80年代,教科书通过增加转换断层、海底沉积物和海底岩石年龄的教学转换,提供了更全面的海底扩张证据。他们还详细介绍了磁异常、贝尼奥夫带、造山过程以及脊、裂、沟的构造意义等主题。板块构造理论在主要教科书中被广泛接受,关于推测事实或过程的讨论很少。
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来源期刊
Earth Sciences History
Earth Sciences History GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
CiteScore
1.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
1
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Earth Sciences History promotes and publishes historical work on all areas of the earth sciences – including geology, geography, geophysics, oceanography, paleontology, meteorology, and climatology. The journal honors and encourages a variety of approaches to historical study: biography, history of ideas, social history, and histories of institutions, organizations, and techniques. Articles are peer reviewed.
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