Voltaire, Derrida et les ruses de la raison

IF 0.2 4区 文学 0 LITERATURE, ROMANCE Nottingham French Studies Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI:10.3366/nfs.2023.0367
Bruno Penteado
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Abstract

Voltaire’s writings advance an emblematic understanding of reason in the French Enlightenment, envisaged as a divine gift that makes it possible for humans to put anything into question – except reason itself. Through a reading of various philosophical and literary texts by Voltaire, this article problematizes the sovereignty of Voltairean reason – the totalitarian reason that is at once immune to the very critique it founds and, as such, injurious towards the Other, who is seen as necessarily lacking the capacity to think. Bringing Derrida to bear on Voltaire, the article builds on the former’s view of reason as divisible and antinomic – that is, a reason constituted according to an aporia that admits both a teleological and conditional reason and a circular and unconditional one. As such, reason must then allow itself to be reasoned. The conclusion thus argues for a reconceptualization of reason that welcomes a critique of both sovereign judgement and teleological thinking. 
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伏尔泰,德里达和理性的诡计
伏尔泰的著作推动了法国启蒙运动对理性的象征性理解,将其视为一种神圣的礼物,使人类有可能对任何事情提出质疑—— 除了理性本身。本文通过对伏尔泰各种哲学和文学文本的阅读,对伏尔泰理性的主权提出了质疑 – 极权主义的理性同时不受其所建立的批判的影响,因此对被视为必然缺乏思考能力的他者是有害的。这篇文章将德里达与伏尔泰联系起来,建立在前者认为理性是可分割的和矛盾的观点之上 – 也就是说,根据既承认目的论和条件理性又承认循环和无条件理性的aporia构成的理性。因此,理性必须允许自己被推理。因此,结论主张对理性进行重新定义,欢迎对主权判断和目的论思维的批判。
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来源期刊
Nottingham French Studies
Nottingham French Studies LITERATURE, ROMANCE-
CiteScore
0.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
20
期刊介绍: Nottingham French Studies is an externally-refereed academic journal which, from Volume 43, 2004, appears three times annually, with at least one special and one general issue each year. Its Editorial Board is drawn from members of the Department of French and Francophone Studies of the University of Nottingham, with the support of an International Advisory Board.
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