Relación entre enfermedad periodontal y diabetes mellitus tipo II. Revisión de la literatura

Abstract

Diabetes is one of the most frequent pathologies with repercussions at the systemic level, irreversible and with high prevalence in the world. Currently in Ecuador, there is an average of 800,000 diabetics, of whom 100,000 are in treatment, according to health authorities and the Juvenile Diabetes Foundation of Ecuador. This review seeks to update knowledge in the area of health, both in medicine and in dentistry, forcing us to have a review of current data on the relationship between periodontal disease and type II diabetes mellitus, and how These two pathologies can go hand in hand and affect the oral and systemic environment, relating them to the histological changes and chemical mediators in the oral environment that are accentuated by the presence of periodontal disease and diabetes, whether controlled or not. Databases were revised in Pubmed and ScIELO bibliographic sources, placing as time limits from 2016 to 2017, using as key words "oral cavity", "diabetes", "periodontal disease" and its similar in English, 74 articles were obtained, of which 12 were selected that were analyzed and served as the basis for the execution of this review. After the exhaustive review of the articles, most of the studies reviewed (7 articles), reported a relationship between the two pathologies, which go hand in hand, accentuating in older people. It is concluded that between periodontal disease and type II diabetes there is a close relationship, obtaining a higher prevalence of periodontal disease, inflammatory cells in the presence of type II diabetes with poor glycemic control.