Middle Bronze Age Zincirli: The Date of “Hilani I” and the End of Middle Bronze II

V. Herrmann, D. Schloen
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Zincirli Höyük in southern Turkey is best known as the Iron Age city of Samʾal, but recent excavations by the Chicago-Tübingen Expedition have discovered important remains of the Middle Bronze Age II, destroyed in a conflagration. This article presents two major interim results for Zincirli’s settlement history that also have implications for the architectural history and chronology of the Northern Levant. In addition to a wealth of material that gives new insight into local administration and production and interregional connections between Syria and Anatolia, the excavations have revealed that the monumental building Hilani I, though long assumed to be the earliest palace of the Iron Age, dates instead to the Middle Bronze Age. Contemporary parallels suggest that it was a broadroom temple rather than a bīt ḫilāni palace. Furthermore, radiocarbon analysis and ceramic evidence date the destruction to the mid- to late 17th century b.c.e. and thus suggest that the agent of the destruction was Ḫattušili I in his campaign against Zalwar (Zalpa), nearby Tilmen Höyük. Future research on the Middle Bronze Age at Zincirli promises to illuminate its connection to a little-known Syro-Anatolian exchange network, probably centered on Aleppo, which the rising Hittite kingdom may have hoped to disrupt or co-opt.
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青铜时代中期Zincirli:“希拉尼一世”的日期与青铜时代中期II的结束
Zincirli Höyük位于土耳其南部,最著名的是铁器时代的萨姆·阿尔城,但最近芝加哥- 宾根探险队的发掘发现了青铜时代中期的重要遗迹,在一场大火中被毁。本文介绍了Zincirli定居点历史的两个主要中期结果,这些结果对北黎凡特的建筑史和年代学也有影响。除了丰富的材料,为当地的行政和生产以及叙利亚和安纳托利亚之间的区域间联系提供了新的见解之外,挖掘还揭示了希拉尼一世的纪念碑建筑,尽管长期以来被认为是铁器时代最早的宫殿,但它可以追溯到青铜时代中期。当代的相似之处表明,它是一座宽敞的寺庙,而不是一座博特ḫilāni宫殿。此外,放射性碳分析和陶瓷证据表明,这场破坏发生在公元前17世纪中期至晚期,因此表明,这场破坏的罪魁祸首是Ḫattušili I,他在反对扎尔瓦尔(扎尔帕)的战役中,位于蒂尔曼附近Höyük。未来对Zincirli中青铜器时代的研究有望阐明它与一个鲜为人知的叙利亚-安纳托利亚交换网络的联系,这个网络可能以阿勒颇为中心,崛起的赫梯王国可能希望破坏或吞并这个网络。
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