Camila Neves Silva, Micaela Aparecida Faria Mendes, M. M. Carvalho, Gustavo Martins Stroppa
{"title":"Paleontologia e ensino básico: análise dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais e dos livros didáticos em Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil","authors":"Camila Neves Silva, Micaela Aparecida Faria Mendes, M. M. Carvalho, Gustavo Martins Stroppa","doi":"10.4072/RBP.2021.1.05","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Paleontology and basic education: analysis of Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais and textbooks in Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil. Paleontology has a crucial role in teaching Science and Biology for helping to understand different natural processes, although there is limited space in its school approach. It is necessary to understand how its content has been worked by the teachers, both quantitatively and qualitatively. In order to understand how their themes are addressed by basic education textbooks, in private and public schools in Juiz de Fora, after analyzing the Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (National Curriculum Parameters, translated by the authors) - PCNs and their guidelines, from the sixth to the ninth year of elementary school and of the entire high school, a table of presence or absence was set up, with the main themes in Paleontology indicated, analyzing which were present in each book. For qualitative analysis, 11 questions were listed. The analysis included 22 themes in 18 elementary school and 15 high school books. High school books had the largest number of topics covered, with 123 presences, and elementary school, 69. The most present themes were: “Origin of Life”, “Theory of Evolution” and “Fossil Concept”; the least addressed: “Types of Fossils”, “Fossils as Non-Renewable Natural Resources” and “Great Extinctions”. Most books deal with subjects with no connection with other areas, without contextualization, with rare interdisciplinarity and relationship with environmental issues, necessary to confront science denialism and the recent risks of educational retrogression. The results reveal the importance of broadening the discussion on how to address Paleontology in basic education, assessing school incentives, teachers’ motivation, the perception of the importance of teaching this science, and the use of other tools besides the textbook.\nKeywords: science teaching, Base Nacional Comum Curricular, school, environmental education, fossils.\nRESUMO – Por auxiliar na compreensao de diversos processos naturais, a Paleontologia tem crucial papel no ensino de Ciencias e Biologia, embora haja espaco limitado em sua abordagem escolar. E preciso compreender como seu conteudo tem sido trabalhado pelos/as docentes, quantitativamente e qualitativamente. Para entender como seus temas sao abordados pelos livros didaticos do ensino basico em escolas particulares e publicas de Juiz de Fora, apos analise das diretrizes dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais - PCN, do sexto ao nono ano do Ensino Fundamental e de todo o Ensino Medio, foi montada uma tabela de presenca ou ausencia, com os principais temas em Paleontologia indicados, analisando-se quais constavam em cada livro. Para analise qualitativa, foram elencadas 11 questoes. A analise abrangeu 22 temas em 18 livros do Ensino Fundamental e 15 do Ensino Medio. Os livros do Ensino Medio tiveram maior numero de temas abordados, com 123 presencas, e o Ensino Fundamental, 69. Os temas mais presentes foram: “Origem da Vida”, “Teoria da Evolucao” e “Conceito de Fosseis”; os menos abordados, “Tipos de Fosseis”, “Fosseis como Recursos Naturais Nao-Renovaveis” e “Grandes Extincoes”. A maioria dos livros trata os assuntos sem ligacao com outras areas, sem contextualizacao, com rara interdisciplinaridade e relacao com questoes ambientais, necessarias ao enfrentamento do negacionismo cientifico e os recentes riscos de retrocesso educacional. Os resultados revelam a importância de ampliar a discussao sobre como trabalhar a Paleontologia no ensino basico, avaliando-se os incentivos das escolas, a motivacao dos professores, a percepcao sobre a importância do ensino de temas dessa ciencia e o uso de ferramentas alem do livro didatico.\nPalavras-chave: ensino de ciencias, Base Nacional Comum Curricular, escola, educacao ambiental, fosseis.","PeriodicalId":49616,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Paleontologia","volume":"24 1","pages":"62-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7000,"publicationDate":"2021-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"5","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Revista Brasileira De Paleontologia","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4072/RBP.2021.1.05","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"PALEONTOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Abstract
Paleontology and basic education: analysis of Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais and textbooks in Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil. Paleontology has a crucial role in teaching Science and Biology for helping to understand different natural processes, although there is limited space in its school approach. It is necessary to understand how its content has been worked by the teachers, both quantitatively and qualitatively. In order to understand how their themes are addressed by basic education textbooks, in private and public schools in Juiz de Fora, after analyzing the Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (National Curriculum Parameters, translated by the authors) - PCNs and their guidelines, from the sixth to the ninth year of elementary school and of the entire high school, a table of presence or absence was set up, with the main themes in Paleontology indicated, analyzing which were present in each book. For qualitative analysis, 11 questions were listed. The analysis included 22 themes in 18 elementary school and 15 high school books. High school books had the largest number of topics covered, with 123 presences, and elementary school, 69. The most present themes were: “Origin of Life”, “Theory of Evolution” and “Fossil Concept”; the least addressed: “Types of Fossils”, “Fossils as Non-Renewable Natural Resources” and “Great Extinctions”. Most books deal with subjects with no connection with other areas, without contextualization, with rare interdisciplinarity and relationship with environmental issues, necessary to confront science denialism and the recent risks of educational retrogression. The results reveal the importance of broadening the discussion on how to address Paleontology in basic education, assessing school incentives, teachers’ motivation, the perception of the importance of teaching this science, and the use of other tools besides the textbook.
Keywords: science teaching, Base Nacional Comum Curricular, school, environmental education, fossils.
RESUMO – Por auxiliar na compreensao de diversos processos naturais, a Paleontologia tem crucial papel no ensino de Ciencias e Biologia, embora haja espaco limitado em sua abordagem escolar. E preciso compreender como seu conteudo tem sido trabalhado pelos/as docentes, quantitativamente e qualitativamente. Para entender como seus temas sao abordados pelos livros didaticos do ensino basico em escolas particulares e publicas de Juiz de Fora, apos analise das diretrizes dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais - PCN, do sexto ao nono ano do Ensino Fundamental e de todo o Ensino Medio, foi montada uma tabela de presenca ou ausencia, com os principais temas em Paleontologia indicados, analisando-se quais constavam em cada livro. Para analise qualitativa, foram elencadas 11 questoes. A analise abrangeu 22 temas em 18 livros do Ensino Fundamental e 15 do Ensino Medio. Os livros do Ensino Medio tiveram maior numero de temas abordados, com 123 presencas, e o Ensino Fundamental, 69. Os temas mais presentes foram: “Origem da Vida”, “Teoria da Evolucao” e “Conceito de Fosseis”; os menos abordados, “Tipos de Fosseis”, “Fosseis como Recursos Naturais Nao-Renovaveis” e “Grandes Extincoes”. A maioria dos livros trata os assuntos sem ligacao com outras areas, sem contextualizacao, com rara interdisciplinaridade e relacao com questoes ambientais, necessarias ao enfrentamento do negacionismo cientifico e os recentes riscos de retrocesso educacional. Os resultados revelam a importância de ampliar a discussao sobre como trabalhar a Paleontologia no ensino basico, avaliando-se os incentivos das escolas, a motivacao dos professores, a percepcao sobre a importância do ensino de temas dessa ciencia e o uso de ferramentas alem do livro didatico.
Palavras-chave: ensino de ciencias, Base Nacional Comum Curricular, escola, educacao ambiental, fosseis.
古生物学和基础教育:对巴西MG省Juiz de Fora的国家课程和教科书的分析。古生物学在科学和生物学教学中发挥着至关重要的作用,有助于理解不同的自然过程,尽管其学校方法的空间有限。有必要了解教师是如何从数量和质量上对其内容进行操作的。为了了解Juiz de Fora私立和公立学校的基础教育教科书是如何处理这些主题的,在分析了小学六至九年级和整个高中的国家课程参数及其指导方针后,建立了一个存在或不存在的表格,指出了古生物学的主要主题,并分析了每本书中存在的主题。为了进行定性分析,列出了11个问题。该分析包括18本小学和15本高中书籍中的22个主题。高中书籍涉及的主题最多,有123种,小学书籍有69种。最具代表性的主题是:“生命起源”、“进化论”和“化石概念”;涉及最少的:“化石的类型”、“化石作为不可再生的自然资源”和“大灭绝”。大多数书籍所涉及的主题与其他领域没有联系,没有背景,具有罕见的跨学科性和与环境问题的关系,这是应对科学否定和最近教育倒退风险所必需的。研究结果揭示了传播关于如何在基础教育中解决古生物学问题的讨论的重要性,评估学校激励措施、教师的动机、对教授这门科学的重要性的认识,以及使用教科书之外的其他工具。关键词:科学教学,国家通用课程基地,学校,环境教育,化石。摘要——古生物学通过帮助理解几个自然过程,在科学和生物学的教学中发挥着至关重要的作用,尽管其学校方法的空间有限。有必要了解教师是如何从数量和质量上对其内容进行操作的。为了了解Juiz de Fora私立和公立学校基础教育教材是如何处理这些主题的,在分析了国家课程参数(PCN)的指导方针后,从小学六年级到九年级以及所有高中,编制了一份出勤或缺席表,其中指出了古生物学的主要主题,分析每本书中的内容。为了进行定性分析,列出了11个问题。该分析涵盖了小学18本书和高中15本书中的22个主题。高中的书籍涉及的主题最多,有123人参加,小学为69人。最具代表性的主题是:“生命起源”、“进化论”和“化石概念”;涉及最少的是“化石类型”、“作为不可再生自然资源的化石”和“大规模灭绝”。大多数书籍处理的问题与其他领域没有联系,没有背景,具有罕见的跨学科性和与环境问题的关系,是面对科学否定主义和最近教育倒退风险所必需的。研究结果揭示了扩大关于如何在基础教育中使用古生物学的讨论的重要性,评估学校的激励措施、教师的动机、对这门科学教学主题重要性的认识,以及使用教学书籍之外的工具。关键词:科学教学,国家通用课程基地,学校,环境教育,化石。
期刊介绍:
It publishes original contributions on all aspects of Paleontology. Papers are written in English, Spanish, or Portuguese and are reviewed by international experts.