Social Discrimination, Need to Belong, and Psychological Wellbeing Among Religious Minorities in Pakistan

Q4 Psychology Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI:10.33824/pjpr.2022.37.2.19

Fizza Ali, Gulzar Ahmad

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Abstract

The basic objective of this study was to find out the relationship of social discrimination with psychological wellbeing in presence of the moderating role of need to belong among religious minorities in Pakistan. The sample consisted of 162 adult religious minorities participants. Online questionnaires which included demographics, Daily Life Discrimination Scale (Williams et al., 1997), Need to Belong Scale (Leary et al., 2013), and Ryff’s Psychological Wellbeing Scale (Kallay & Rus, 2014) comprising six subscales autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, positive relations with others, personal growth and self-acceptance were used to collect the data. It was found that social discrimination has a negative relationship with the need to belong as well as psychological wellbeing. The need to belong played a moderating role in four sub variables of psychological wellbeing as autonomy, environmental mastery, self-acceptance and positive relations with others. Results also indicated that women face more social discrimination as compared to men and the Hindu and Sikh minorities face more social discrimination as compared to the Christian minority. This research may provide a stimulus for the policy makers and future researchers to learn more about the social discrimination, need to belong and psychological wellbeing of the religious minorities in Pakistan, and further, to alleviate their sufferings.

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巴基斯坦宗教少数群体的社会歧视、归属需求和心理健康

本研究的基本目的是在巴基斯坦宗教少数群体的归属需求的调节作用下，找出社会歧视与心理健康的关系。样本由162名成年宗教少数群体参与者组成。在线调查问卷包括人口统计学、日常生活歧视量表(Williams et al.， 1997)、归属感需要量表(Leary et al.， 2013)和Ryff心理健康量表(Kallay & Rus, 2014)，其中包括自主性、环境掌握、生活目的、与他人的积极关系、个人成长和自我接受六个子量表。研究发现，社会歧视与归属感需求和心理健康呈负相关。归属需要在自主性、环境掌控、自我接纳和与他人的积极关系四个心理健康子变量中起调节作用。结果还表明，女性比男性面临更多的社会歧视，印度教和锡克教少数群体比基督教少数群体面临更多的社会歧视。本研究可为政策制定者和未来研究者进一步了解巴基斯坦宗教少数群体的社会歧视、归属需求和心理健康，进而减轻他们的痛苦提供一个刺激。

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来源期刊

Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research Psychology-Psychology (all)

CiteScore

0.60

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research (PJPR) is published biannually by the National Institute of Psychology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan. Its first issue was published in Summer, 1986. Since then two issues, one in summer and the other in winter, have been appearing every year. The Journal provides an outlet for fully documented researches addressing educational, social, developmental, and other areas of Psychology. Preference is given to empirical articles, which deal with the application of psychological knowledge in understanding the problems of national and international importance. The Journal welcomes contributions from all corners. However, participation from the developing countries is eagerly sought in view of its under-representation in research journals published in the West. The PJPR maintains an international editorial board of Consulting Editors belonging to different countries, with expertise in a large number of areas. It employs a double-blind reviewing process i.e., the authors are not identified to reviewers and reviewers are not made known to authors. The contents of PJPR are being abstracted by the Proquest, and in PsycInfo. PJPR is included in the List of Social Sciences Journals recognized by Higher Education Commission, Pakistan.