Frecuencia y comportamiento epidemiológico e histológico en las neoplasias gastrointestinales asociadas a los pacientes portadores de VIH en el Hospital Juárez de México

Abstract

Background. The gastrointestinal tract is one of the most common sites for the development of primary neoplasms in the patients with a pre-existing infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Approximately it is considered that the 40% of HIV patients will develop some type of cancer and there is a common observation that neoplasms are more aggressive in these patients. Only Kaposi’s sarcoma and non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma are located in the gastrointestinal tract in a primary way and are considered as defining acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). There is another group of non-defining AIDS Neoplasm, but these are more frequent in these patients, such as anal and the colon neoplasia. Objectives. are to determine the frequency, epidemiology and histology of neoplasia’s of gastrointestinal malignancies associated with patients with HIV. Material and methods. It was a descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study conducted in the pathology service of Hospital Juárez de México from 2006 to 2015. The results were analyzed with relative and central frequency measurements to obtain percentages, mean, average and deviation standard. Results. We included 75 HIV patients associated with a Gastrointestinal cancer. The average age was 35.4 ± 8.2 with predominance of the male gender in 83%. The most frequent site of localization was the colon and the rectum with 43% of the cases. The service that most referred was oncology with 57%. The predominant histological type was adenocarcinoma (35%). Conclusions. Gastrointestinal neoplasia in patients with HIV is most frequently seen in the colon and the rectum, with adenocarcinoma being the most common histological type.