Immunoglobulin for Treating Bacterial Infections: One More Mechanism of Action

IF 3 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY Antibodies Pub Date : 2019-11-03 DOI:10.3390/antib8040052
T. Sawa, M. Kinoshita, Keita Inoue, Junya Ohara, Kiyoshi Moriyama
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引用次数: 17

Abstract

The mechanisms underlying the effects of immunoglobulins on bacterial infections are thought to involve bacterial cell lysis via complement activation, phagocytosis via bacterial opsonization, toxin neutralization, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Nevertheless, recent advances in the study of the pathogenicity of Gram-negative bacteria have raised the possibility of an association between immunoglobulin and bacterial toxin secretion. Over time, new toxin secretion systems like the type III secretion system have been discovered in many pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. With this system, the bacterial toxins are directly injected into the cytoplasm of the target cell through a special secretory apparatus without any exposure to the extracellular environment, and therefore with no opportunity for antibodies to neutralize the toxin. However, antibodies against the V-antigen, which is located on the needle-shaped tip of the bacterial secretion apparatus, can inhibit toxin translocation, thus raising the hope that the toxin may be susceptible to antibody targeting. Because multi-drug resistant bacteria are now prevalent, inhibiting this secretion mechanism is an attractive alternative or adjunctive therapy against lethal bacterial infections. Thus, it is not unreasonable to define the blocking effect of anti-V-antigen antibodies as the fifth mechanism for immunoglobulin action against bacterial infections.
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免疫球蛋白治疗细菌感染的又一作用机制
免疫球蛋白对细菌感染的作用机制被认为涉及通过补体激活的细菌细胞裂解、通过细菌调理的吞噬作用、毒素中和和抗体依赖性细胞介导的细胞毒性。然而,革兰氏阴性菌致病性研究的最新进展提高了免疫球蛋白与细菌毒素分泌之间联系的可能性。随着时间的推移,在许多致病性革兰氏阴性菌中发现了新的毒素分泌系统,如III型分泌系统。利用该系统,细菌毒素通过特殊的分泌装置直接注射到靶细胞的细胞质中,而不暴露于细胞外环境,因此抗体没有机会中和毒素。然而,位于细菌分泌装置针状尖端的针对V抗原的抗体可以抑制毒素易位,从而提高了毒素可能对抗体靶向敏感的希望。由于耐多药细菌现在很普遍,抑制这种分泌机制是对抗致命细菌感染的一种有吸引力的替代或辅助疗法。因此,将抗V抗原抗体的阻断作用定义为免疫球蛋白对抗细菌感染的第五种机制并非没有道理。
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来源期刊
Antibodies
Antibodies IMMUNOLOGY-
CiteScore
7.10
自引率
6.40%
发文量
68
审稿时长
11 weeks
期刊介绍: Antibodies (ISSN 2073-4468), an international, peer-reviewed open access journal which provides an advanced forum for studies related to antibodies and antigens. It publishes reviews, research articles, communications and short notes. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. Full experimental and/or methodical details must be provided. Electronic files or software regarding the full details of the calculation and experimental procedure - if unable to be published in a normal way - can be deposited as supplementary material. This journal covers all topics related to antibodies and antigens, topics of interest include (but are not limited to): antibody-producing cells (including B cells), antibody structure and function, antibody-antigen interactions, Fc receptors, antibody manufacturing antibody engineering, antibody therapy, immunoassays, antibody diagnosis, tissue antigens, exogenous antigens, endogenous antigens, autoantigens, monoclonal antibodies, natural antibodies, humoral immune responses, immunoregulatory molecules.
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