Primary frequency control by fuzzy-based participation controller for plug-in electric vehicles

IF 2.4 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Smart Science Pub Date : 2023-03-19 DOI:10.1080/23080477.2023.2191498
Parvez Ahmad, N. Choudhary, Nitin Singh, A. K. Singh
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Abstract

ABSTRACT The increasing penetration level of electric vehicles (EVs) shows that they will enter into the category of distributed energy sources in the near future. Major upgradation is required in the conventional power system to handle upcoming challenges due to electrification in the transportation sector and generate opportunities for the power system. The energy storage capability of batteries and advancement in fast switching converters enable EVs to support the grid with different ancillary services, e.g. primary frequency control (PFC). However, an effective charging strategy/controller is required to support the grid with PFC without violating constraints from grid and EVs. This paper proposes a novel fuzzy-based controller to decide EV’s availability for PFC with an optimized participation level considering different operational modes and EV charging demand. The controller computes the participation level of EVs based on real-time inputs from EVs, magnitude of frequency deviation and availability of primary reserve. The Spanish power system model has been employed to show the proposed controller’s efficacy and compare it with other recently reported controllers. The MATLAB/Simulink platform has been used to perform frequency and power response analysis for four different defined cases. Results show that EVs with the proposed fuzzy-based controller can effectively support the grid with PFC service without violating the grid’s and EV’s limits. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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基于模糊参与控制器的插电式电动汽车主频控制
随着电动汽车普及率的不断提高,在不久的将来,电动汽车将进入分布式能源的范畴。传统电力系统需要进行重大升级,以应对运输部门电气化带来的挑战,并为电力系统创造机会。电池的能量存储能力和快速开关转换器的进步使电动汽车能够通过不同的辅助服务支持电网,例如主频率控制(PFC)。然而,需要一种有效的充电策略/控制器来支持PFC电网,同时又不违反电网和电动汽车的约束。本文提出了一种基于模糊的PFC可用度控制器,在考虑不同运行模式和电动汽车充电需求的情况下,优化电动汽车的参与水平。控制器根据电动汽车的实时输入、频率偏差大小和一级储备可用性计算电动汽车的参与水平。采用西班牙电力系统模型来显示所提出的控制器的有效性,并将其与最近报道的其他控制器进行比较。使用MATLAB/Simulink平台对四种不同定义的情况进行频率和功率响应分析。结果表明,基于模糊控制器的电动汽车可以在不违反电网和电动汽车限制的情况下,有效地支持具有PFC服务的电网。图形抽象
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来源期刊
Smart Science
Smart Science Engineering-Engineering (all)
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
4.30%
发文量
21
期刊介绍: Smart Science (ISSN 2308-0477) is an international, peer-reviewed journal that publishes significant original scientific researches, and reviews and analyses of current research and science policy. We welcome submissions of high quality papers from all fields of science and from any source. Articles of an interdisciplinary nature are particularly welcomed. Smart Science aims to be among the top multidisciplinary journals covering a broad spectrum of smart topics in the fields of materials science, chemistry, physics, engineering, medicine, and biology. Smart Science is currently focusing on the topics of Smart Manufacturing (CPS, IoT and AI) for Industry 4.0, Smart Energy and Smart Chemistry and Materials. Other specific research areas covered by the journal include, but are not limited to: 1. Smart Science in the Future 2. Smart Manufacturing: -Cyber-Physical System (CPS) -Internet of Things (IoT) and Internet of Brain (IoB) -Artificial Intelligence -Smart Computing -Smart Design/Machine -Smart Sensing -Smart Information and Networks 3. Smart Energy and Thermal/Fluidic Science 4. Smart Chemistry and Materials
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