Parvez Ahmad, N. Choudhary, Nitin Singh, A. K. Singh
{"title":"Primary frequency control by fuzzy-based participation controller for plug-in electric vehicles","authors":"Parvez Ahmad, N. Choudhary, Nitin Singh, A. K. Singh","doi":"10.1080/23080477.2023.2191498","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The increasing penetration level of electric vehicles (EVs) shows that they will enter into the category of distributed energy sources in the near future. Major upgradation is required in the conventional power system to handle upcoming challenges due to electrification in the transportation sector and generate opportunities for the power system. The energy storage capability of batteries and advancement in fast switching converters enable EVs to support the grid with different ancillary services, e.g. primary frequency control (PFC). However, an effective charging strategy/controller is required to support the grid with PFC without violating constraints from grid and EVs. This paper proposes a novel fuzzy-based controller to decide EV’s availability for PFC with an optimized participation level considering different operational modes and EV charging demand. The controller computes the participation level of EVs based on real-time inputs from EVs, magnitude of frequency deviation and availability of primary reserve. The Spanish power system model has been employed to show the proposed controller’s efficacy and compare it with other recently reported controllers. The MATLAB/Simulink platform has been used to perform frequency and power response analysis for four different defined cases. Results show that EVs with the proposed fuzzy-based controller can effectively support the grid with PFC service without violating the grid’s and EV’s limits. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":53436,"journal":{"name":"Smart Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"447 - 459"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2023-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Smart Science","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23080477.2023.2191498","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
ABSTRACT The increasing penetration level of electric vehicles (EVs) shows that they will enter into the category of distributed energy sources in the near future. Major upgradation is required in the conventional power system to handle upcoming challenges due to electrification in the transportation sector and generate opportunities for the power system. The energy storage capability of batteries and advancement in fast switching converters enable EVs to support the grid with different ancillary services, e.g. primary frequency control (PFC). However, an effective charging strategy/controller is required to support the grid with PFC without violating constraints from grid and EVs. This paper proposes a novel fuzzy-based controller to decide EV’s availability for PFC with an optimized participation level considering different operational modes and EV charging demand. The controller computes the participation level of EVs based on real-time inputs from EVs, magnitude of frequency deviation and availability of primary reserve. The Spanish power system model has been employed to show the proposed controller’s efficacy and compare it with other recently reported controllers. The MATLAB/Simulink platform has been used to perform frequency and power response analysis for four different defined cases. Results show that EVs with the proposed fuzzy-based controller can effectively support the grid with PFC service without violating the grid’s and EV’s limits. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
期刊介绍:
Smart Science (ISSN 2308-0477) is an international, peer-reviewed journal that publishes significant original scientific researches, and reviews and analyses of current research and science policy. We welcome submissions of high quality papers from all fields of science and from any source. Articles of an interdisciplinary nature are particularly welcomed. Smart Science aims to be among the top multidisciplinary journals covering a broad spectrum of smart topics in the fields of materials science, chemistry, physics, engineering, medicine, and biology. Smart Science is currently focusing on the topics of Smart Manufacturing (CPS, IoT and AI) for Industry 4.0, Smart Energy and Smart Chemistry and Materials. Other specific research areas covered by the journal include, but are not limited to: 1. Smart Science in the Future 2. Smart Manufacturing: -Cyber-Physical System (CPS) -Internet of Things (IoT) and Internet of Brain (IoB) -Artificial Intelligence -Smart Computing -Smart Design/Machine -Smart Sensing -Smart Information and Networks 3. Smart Energy and Thermal/Fluidic Science 4. Smart Chemistry and Materials