Water quality impacts of young green roofs in a tropical city: a case study from Singapore

IF 2.3 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Blue-Green Systems Pub Date : 2021-12-02 DOI:10.2166/bgs.2021.007
H. Lim, E. Segovia, A. Ziegler
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引用次数: 6

Abstract

This study examined the effects of two substrates (SOIL and COMMERCIAL) and grass on the green roof runoff quality in Singapore. Ten events were sampled over a 9-month period. Rainfall and green roof runoff from grass and bare experimental configurations were tested for total organic carbon (TOC), nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients (N, NH4+-N and PO43−-P), cations/anions and trace metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb). All configuration units neutralised acid rainfall and removed metals except Fe despite their proximity to an industrial area. Concentrations decrease over the monitoring period for most water quality variables. The COMMERCIAL (COM) configurations elevated Cl− (3.8–10.8 ppm), SO42− (1.5–32.4 ppm), NO3−-N (7.8–75.6 ppm) and NH4+-N (22.0–53.1 ppm) concentrations in the runoff. Concentrations of NO3−-N (4.5–67.7 ppm) and NH4+-N (14.7–53.0 ppm) remained high at the end of the monitoring period for the COMgrass configuration, even with dilution from monsoon rainfall, making it suitable as an irrigation water source and a fertiliser substitute. The SOIL substrate retained N-nutrients, TOC and trace metals with concentrations comparable or below rainfall inputs. This substrate is suitable for widespread green roof applications in Singapore and other tropical cities. We recommend substrate testing before their approval for use on green roofs and encourage the long-term monitoring of these systems.
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热带城市年轻绿色屋顶对水质的影响:来自新加坡的案例研究
本研究考察了两种基质(土壤和商业)和草对新加坡绿色屋顶径流质量的影响。在9个月的时间里抽样调查了10个事件。研究了降雨、草地和裸地绿化屋顶径流中总有机碳(TOC)、氮磷养分(N、NH4+-N和PO43−-P)、阳离子/阴离子和微量金属(Fe、Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb)的含量。所有配置单元都能中和酸雨并去除除铁以外的金属,尽管它们靠近工业区。在监测期间,大多数水质变量的浓度下降。商业(COM)配置提高了径流中Cl−(3.8 ~ 10.8 ppm)、SO42−(1.5 ~ 32.4 ppm)、NO3−-N (7.8 ~ 75.6 ppm)和NH4+-N (22.0 ~ 53.1 ppm)的浓度。在监测期结束时,COMgrass配置的NO3−-N (4.5-67.7 ppm)和NH4+-N (14.7-53.0 ppm)浓度仍然很高,即使季风降雨对其进行了稀释,使其适合作为灌溉水源和肥料替代品。土壤基质保留氮养分、TOC和微量金属,其浓度与降雨输入相当或低于降雨输入。这种基板适合在新加坡和其他热带城市广泛应用绿色屋顶。我们建议在批准在绿色屋顶上使用之前对基材进行测试,并鼓励对这些系统进行长期监测。
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Blue-Green Systems
Blue-Green Systems Multiple-
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