Microbiome composition of disturbed soils from sandy-gravel mining complexes with different reclamation approaches

IF 1.8 Q3 ECOLOGY One Ecosystem Pub Date : 2022-06-21 DOI:10.3897/oneeco.7.e83756
A. Kimeklis, G. Gladkov, R. Tembotov, A. Kichko, A. Pinaev, Sergey Hosid, E. Andronov, E. Abakumov
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Abstract

Activities connected to mineral mining disrupt the soil layer and bring parent rock material to the surface. It leads to altering the environmental conditions and leaves behind vast areas of disturbed lands. Returning these lands to natural ecosystems is an important contemporary challenge, which can be acquired by reclamation practices. Soil microbiome composition reflects changes happening to disturbed lands; thus, its analysis is a powerful tool for evaluating the disturbance degree and estimating the effect of the implementation of reclamation techniques. Additionally, factors connected to the characteristics of a particular geographical region have a certain impact on the microbiome and should be taken into account. Thereby, studies of soil microbiomes of disturbed soils of different origins are essential in understanding the dynamics of soil restoration. Here, we focus on soil microbiomes from two sandy-gravel mining complexes in mountainous areas with a moderate continental climate of the Central Caucasus. These quarries share the same parent rock material, but differ in benchmark soil type and reclamation approach - one was left for passive recovery and the other was technically reclaimed with overburden material. Comparative analysis of microbiome composition, based on sequencing of 16S rRNA gene libraries, showed that region and disturbance are the key factors explaining microbiome variation, which surpass the influence of local factors. However, the application of reclamation techniques greatly reduces the dissimilarity of soil microbiomes caused by disturbance. Linking of soil chemical parameters to microbiome composition showed that the disturbance factor correlates with a lack of organic carbon. Other chemical parameters, like pH, ammonium, nitrates and total carbon explain microbiome variability on a smaller scale between sampling sites. Thus, while regional and disturbance factors reflected differentiation of soil microbiomes, soil chemical parameters explained local variation of certain groups of microorganisms.
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不同复垦方式下砂砾石采场扰动土壤微生物组组成
与采矿有关的活动破坏了土层,并将母岩材料带到了地表。它导致了环境条件的改变,并留下了大片混乱的土地。将这些土地恢复到自然生态系统是当代的一项重要挑战,可以通过开垦实践来获得。土壤微生物组组成反映了扰动土地发生的变化;因此,它的分析是评估扰动程度和估计复垦技术实施效果的有力工具。此外,与特定地理区域特征相关的因素对微生物组有一定影响,应予以考虑。因此,研究不同来源扰动土壤的土壤微生物组对于理解土壤恢复的动力学至关重要。在这里,我们重点关注中高加索温和大陆性气候山区的两个砂砾石采矿综合体的土壤微生物组。这些采石场共享相同的母岩材料,但在基准土壤类型和复垦方法上有所不同——一个用于被动回收,另一个在技术上使用覆盖层材料进行复垦。基于16S rRNA基因库测序的微生物组组成比较分析表明,区域和干扰是解释微生物组变异的关键因素,其影响超过了局部因素。然而,开垦技术的应用大大减少了扰动引起的土壤微生物组的差异。土壤化学参数与微生物组组成的联系表明,干扰因素与有机碳的缺乏有关。其他化学参数,如pH、铵、硝酸盐和总碳,可以解释采样点之间较小规模的微生物组变异性。因此,虽然区域和干扰因素反映了土壤微生物组的分化,但土壤化学参数解释了某些微生物组的局部变化。
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来源期刊
One Ecosystem
One Ecosystem Environmental Science-Nature and Landscape Conservation
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
26
审稿时长
12 weeks
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