p-Sulfonatocalixarene versus p-thiasulfonatocalixarene: encapsulation of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and implications to ESI-MS, HPLC, NMR, DFT and anti-MRSA activities

Abstract

The inclusion complexes of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) with p-sulfonato-calix[4]arene (SCX4) and p-sulfanatothiacalix[4]arene (TSCX4) macrocycles are characterized through an array of experiments including ¹H NMR, NOESY, HPLC, HRMS, FT-IR and PXRD in conjunction with the density functional theory. An encapsulation of TDF within SCX4 and TSCX4 macrocycles conduce 1:1 complexes those prevail over 1:2 or 1:3 Stoichiometries which exhibis distinct structural features. A loss of crystallinity accompanying the complexation ascertains the inclusion of the guest within the macrocycle. A comparison of the measured ¹³C NMR spectra of the complexes with individual hosts ascertains the cone conformation of SCX4 in such complexes as in its free state. It has been demonstrated that the TDF guest penetrates deeply within the cavity of SCX4 facilitating the hydrogen bonding interactions between adenine protons and the hydroxyl as well as methylene protons of the macrocycle. The measured ¹H NMR spectra thus reveal large upfield signals (δ 8.35, 8.48?ppm) for adenine protons of the SCX4 complex. On the other hand, the partial encapsulation of TDF in TSCX4 reflects in the deshielding of hydroxyl protons in the measured ¹H NMR spectra. The characteristic C=N and SO stretching vibrations in the infrared spectra engender’frequency shifts’ in the opposite directions compared to the individual host or guest. A simple reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method is presented. The adenine encapsulation further has been qualitatively correlated with MRSA activities.