{"title":"An Experimental Design Approach for Development of Crocin-Loaded Microparticles Embedded in Gelatin/Oxidized Alginate-Based Hydrogel","authors":"Faezeh Merati, Fatemeh Mehryab, Seyed Alireza Mortazavi, Azadeh Haeri","doi":"10.1007/s12247-023-09755-0","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The objective of this study was to prepare gelatin/oxidized alginate (OAlg) hydrogel incorporating chitosan (CS)/alginate (Alg) microparticles (MPs) for topical delivery of crocin and maintaining MPs at the target site.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Crocin-loaded MPs were prepared using the ionic gelation method, and the effects of CS, Alg, and tripolyphosphate (TPP) concentrations on particle size and entrapment efficiency% (EE) were evaluated by applying a factorial design. OAlg was synthesized, and the optimum MP formulation was loaded into gelatin/OAlg hydrogel. The developed formulation was characterized in terms of morphology, chemical structure, crystallinity, thermal behavior, viscosity, swelling behavior, mucoadhesion, and in vitro release profile.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The designed particles had a size ranging from 7.2 to 47.8 µm with the EE results varying between 12.5 and 58.4%. The mathematical models with suitable determination coefficients (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>) were established which confirmed a satisfactory correlation between the independent variables and the results. The optimized formulation showed a particle size of ~ 28 µm and a zeta potential of ~ 24 mV with about 58% crocin entrapment. The successful oxidation process was confirmed by the appearance of aldehyde peak in FTIR spectroscopy, and the oxidation degree (OD) of prepared OAlg was found to be about 62%. The prepared complex could release crocin in a sustained manner through 48 h and showed superior mucoadhesive strength, compared to gelatin/Alg-based hydrogel.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The fabricated gelatin/OAlg hydrogel containing CS/Alg MPs exhibited the promising potential to be utilized in mucosal delivery applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\n<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation","volume":"18 4","pages":"1812 - 1826"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12247-023-09755-0","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Purpose
The objective of this study was to prepare gelatin/oxidized alginate (OAlg) hydrogel incorporating chitosan (CS)/alginate (Alg) microparticles (MPs) for topical delivery of crocin and maintaining MPs at the target site.
Methods
Crocin-loaded MPs were prepared using the ionic gelation method, and the effects of CS, Alg, and tripolyphosphate (TPP) concentrations on particle size and entrapment efficiency% (EE) were evaluated by applying a factorial design. OAlg was synthesized, and the optimum MP formulation was loaded into gelatin/OAlg hydrogel. The developed formulation was characterized in terms of morphology, chemical structure, crystallinity, thermal behavior, viscosity, swelling behavior, mucoadhesion, and in vitro release profile.
Results
The designed particles had a size ranging from 7.2 to 47.8 µm with the EE results varying between 12.5 and 58.4%. The mathematical models with suitable determination coefficients (R2) were established which confirmed a satisfactory correlation between the independent variables and the results. The optimized formulation showed a particle size of ~ 28 µm and a zeta potential of ~ 24 mV with about 58% crocin entrapment. The successful oxidation process was confirmed by the appearance of aldehyde peak in FTIR spectroscopy, and the oxidation degree (OD) of prepared OAlg was found to be about 62%. The prepared complex could release crocin in a sustained manner through 48 h and showed superior mucoadhesive strength, compared to gelatin/Alg-based hydrogel.
Conclusion
The fabricated gelatin/OAlg hydrogel containing CS/Alg MPs exhibited the promising potential to be utilized in mucosal delivery applications.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation (JPI), is an international, multidisciplinary peer-reviewed scientific journal dedicated to publishing high quality papers emphasizing innovative research and applied technologies within the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. JPI''s goal is to be the premier communication vehicle for the critical body of knowledge that is needed for scientific evolution and technical innovation, from R&D to market. Topics will fall under the following categories:
Materials science,
Product design,
Process design, optimization, automation and control,
Facilities; Information management,
Regulatory policy and strategy,
Supply chain developments ,
Education and professional development,
Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation publishes four issues a year.
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