Vulnerability and adaptation of protected areas to climate chan¬ges: case study of National Natural Parks in Ukraine

М. М. Радомська, В. В. Гузь, І. В. Ярохмедова
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Abstract

The observed trends of climate changes are strong enough to affect the living process in natural communities. This paper deals with the assessment of vulnerability and progress of National Natural Parks of Ukraine towards adaptation of their ecosystems to growing pressure of climate change. The vulnerability of the National Natural Parks to the effects of climate changes depends on their sensitivity, formed due to intrinsic attributes, like level of endemism and specific microclimate conditions at certain area. From the other side, some managerial solutions framed into the action plan for assisted climate adaptation of protected areas is also the factor of vulnerability or resilience. The assessment undertaken in the given paper addresses both components. At the first stage, the signs of climate changes at 51 parks of Ukraine (excluding those created less than 3 years ago) were studied based on the data from open sources, reports to the authorities and personal feedbacks from the staff. Then these data were summarized in terms of natural zones and generalized to define the most profound effects observed. Finally, the information about the presence and implementation of adaptation measures in the National Natural Parks was collected and evaluated as contributor to building adaptation capacity of the sites. Sensitivity and adaptation potential were rated using standard scale and the level of vulnerability was assigned to each park. The results showed varied level of vulnerability with the natural parks of the Steppe and Ukrainian Carpathians region demonstrating the highest levels. The research has also revealed generally low level of attention to the issues of climate changes on the whole and adaptation strategies implementation in particular in the activity of the National Natural Parks. However, some of the objects have already entered succession processes and diversity transformations. The most well studied issue is invasions, which are also the most covered by the countermeasures. Considering the uniqueness and high value of the ecosystems of the National Natural Parks of Ukraine, it is necessary to develop and implement action plans for the adaptation of these protected areas. At the same time, the problems typical for different natural parks are often specific due to attribution to certain natural zones, composition of communities, physical features of the territory and other properties, and therefore the creation of a universal adaptation procedure is complicated. Nevertheless, the article sets the main directions of work, which can become the basis of the corresponding adaptation plans of all parks.
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保护区对气候变化的脆弱性和适应性:乌克兰国家自然公园的案例研究
观测到的气候变化趋势非常强烈,足以影响自然群落的生活过程。本文讨论了乌克兰国家自然公园在适应日益增长的气候变化压力方面的脆弱性评估和进展。国家自然公园对气候变化影响的脆弱性取决于其敏感性,这是由其固有属性(如特有程度和特定地区的特定小气候条件)形成的。从另一方面看,纳入保护区气候适应援助行动计划的一些管理解决方案也是脆弱性或复原力的因素。本文所进行的评估涉及这两个组成部分。在第一阶段,根据公开来源的数据、向当局提交的报告和工作人员的个人反馈,研究了乌克兰51个公园(不包括不到3年前创建的公园)的气候变化迹象。然后,将这些数据按自然区域进行汇总,并加以概括,以确定所观察到的最深远的影响。最后,收集了国家自然公园适应措施的存在和实施情况,并对其适应能力建设的贡献进行了评价。采用标准尺度对敏感性和适应潜力进行了评定,并对各公园的脆弱性等级进行了划分。结果显示不同程度的脆弱性,其中草原自然公园和乌克兰喀尔巴阡山脉地区的脆弱性最高。研究还表明,总体上对气候变化问题和适应战略实施的关注程度普遍较低,特别是在国家自然公园的活动中。然而,一些对象已经进入了演替过程和多样性转换。研究最多的问题是入侵,这也是对策中涉及最多的问题。考虑到乌克兰国家自然公园生态系统的独特性和高价值,有必要制定和实施适应这些保护区的行动计划。与此同时,不同自然公园的典型问题往往是特定的,因为它们属于特定的自然区域、社区的组成、领土的物理特征和其他属性,因此建立一个普遍的适应程序是复杂的。然而,本文确定了主要的工作方向,可以成为各公园相应适应方案的依据。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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