The Great Aurora of January 1770 observed in Spain

IF 0.5 4区哲学 Q4 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY History of Geo- and Space Sciences Pub Date : 2018-09-23 DOI:10.5194/HGSS-9-133-2018

V. Carrasco, Enric Aragonès, Jorge Ordaz, J. Vaquero

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引用次数: 5

Abstract

Abstract. An analysis is made of the records made by Spanish observers of a notable aurora on 18 January 1770 in order to study the characteristics of this event. The records indicate that the phenomenon was observed in both continental and insular territories of Spain, in particular at San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Cádiz, Córdoba, Badajoz, Valencia, Castellón, Madrid, Barcelona, and Gerri de la Sal. The most equatorward observational site was San Cristóbal de la Laguna (28.48∘ N, 16.32∘ W) in the Canary Islands. In general, the descriptions put its duration from sunset to midnight, but the observers from Córdoba and Madrid report the aurora as being visible during the last hours of the night, and it was even observed the following day at Castellón. All the observers described the aurora as red in colour, while white and ash colours were also reported at Córdoba and Gerri de la Sal. The brightness and shape of auroral display changed over time. Calculations of the geomagnetic latitudes of the observation locations gave San Cristóbal de la Laguna as the southernmost (26∘ N) and Gerri de la Sal the northernmost (35∘ N) and indicate this aurora was observed over a wide range of abnormally low latitudes for such a phenomenon. Solar activity around the event was high, with the astronomer Horrebow registering 10 sunspot groups on that date (18 January 1770).

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1770年1月在西班牙观测到的大极光

摘要分析了1770年1月18日西班牙观测者对一次引人注目的极光的记录，以研究这一事件的特征。记录表明，在西班牙的大陆和岛屿领土上都观察到了这种现象，特别是在拉古纳的圣克里斯托巴尔、加的斯、科尔多瓦、巴达霍斯、巴伦西亚、卡斯特隆、马德里、巴塞罗那和萨尔格里。最著名的观测地点是拉古纳的圣克里斯托巴尔（28.48∘ N、 16.32∘ W）在加那利群岛。一般来说，描述将极光的持续时间定为从日落到午夜，但来自科尔多瓦和马德里的观测者报告称，极光在深夜可见，甚至在第二天的卡斯泰隆也观测到了极光。所有观察者都将极光描述为红色，而科尔多瓦和Gerri dela Sal也报告了白色和灰白色。极光显示的亮度和形状随着时间的推移而变化。计算观测地点的地磁纬度，将圣克里斯托巴尔德拉拉古纳视为最南端（26∘ N）和Gerri de la Sal最北端（35∘ N）并表明这种极光是在大范围的异常低纬度地区观测到的。该事件周围的太阳活动很活跃，天文学家Horrebow在当天（1770年1月18日）记录了10个太阳黑子群。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

History of Geo- and Space Sciences GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

CiteScore

1.50

自引率

33.30%

发文量

审稿时长

50 weeks

期刊介绍： The scope of History of Geo- and Space Sciences (HGSS) is to document historical facts and knowledge and to improve awareness of the history of geoscience. The knowledge of the development of geosciences and their experimental methods and theories in the past can improve our current understanding and may stimulate current research. It is encouraging for young scientists to read biographical material of historical figures in their research area. It is important as well to learn that history of science is an integrated part of the ongoing research in their research area. Another important aim of the journal is the association of historical retrospective and current research.