Oncolytic virotherapy including Rigvir and standard therapies in malignant melanoma

IF 6.7 Oncolytic Virotherapy Pub Date : 2017-02-09 DOI:10.2147/OV.S100072
H. Babiker, I. Riaz, M. Husnain, M. Borad
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引用次数: 32

Abstract

The treatment of metastatic melanoma has evolved from an era where interferon and chemotherapy were the mainstay of treatments to an era where immunotherapy has become the frontline. Ipilimumab (IgG1 CTLA-4 inhibitor), nivolumab (IgG4 PD-1 inhibitor), pembrolizumab (IgG4 PD-1 inhibitor) and nivolumab combined with ipilimumab have become first-line therapies in patients with metastatic melanoma. In addition, the high prevalence of BRAF mutations in melanoma has led to the discovery and approval of targeted molecules, such as vemurafenib (BRAF kinase inhibitor) and trametinib (MEK inhibitor), as they yielded improved responses and survival in malignant melanoma patients. This is certainly a burgeoning time in immunotherapy drug development, and the aforementioned efforts along with the recent US Food and Drug Administration approval of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC), a recombinant oncolytic herpes virus, have paved the way to exploring the role of additional oncolytic viruses, such as the echovirus Rigvir, as new and innovative treatment modalities in patients with melanoma. Herein, we discuss the current standard of care treatment in melanoma with an emphasis on immunotherapy and oncolytic viruses in development.
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溶瘤病毒治疗包括利韦和恶性黑色素瘤的标准治疗
转移性黑色素瘤的治疗已经从以干扰素和化疗为主要治疗手段的时代发展到以免疫治疗为前沿的时代。Ipilimumab (IgG1 CTLA-4抑制剂),nivolumab (IgG4 PD-1抑制剂),pembrolizumab (IgG4 PD-1抑制剂)和nivolumab联合Ipilimumab已成为转移性黑色素瘤患者的一线治疗方法。此外,BRAF突变在黑色素瘤中的高流行率导致了靶向分子的发现和批准,如vemurafenib (BRAF激酶抑制剂)和trametinib (MEK抑制剂),因为它们在恶性黑色素瘤患者中产生了改善的反应和生存率。这无疑是免疫治疗药物开发的一个新兴时期,上述努力以及最近美国食品和药物管理局批准的重组溶瘤疱疹病毒talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC),为探索其他溶瘤病毒(如echovirus Rigvir)作为黑色素瘤患者新的创新治疗方式的作用铺平了道路。在此,我们讨论目前的标准护理治疗黑色素瘤与免疫治疗和溶瘤病毒在发展的重点。
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The Current State of Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus for Glioblastoma Treatment. Treatment of an Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma Allograft with Recombinant Myxoma Virus and Oclacitinib. Virus-Receptor Interactions and Virus Neutralization: Insights for Oncolytic Virus Development. Impact of Induced Syncytia Formation on the Oncolytic Potential of Myxoma Virus. Virus-Receptor Interactions: Structural Insights For Oncolytic Virus Development.
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