Effect of forecrop on yield of spring durum wheat and soil potassium in chernozems of southern steppe zone in Southern Urals during long-term research

V. Skorokhodov
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Abstract

The goal of the study was to determine the infl nce of forecrops on spring durum wheat productivity and content of soil potassium in monoculture, double-cropping and six-year crop rotation at two types of nutrient statuses. The information obtained as a result of long-term experiments is of great interest, since systematic determination of nutrient elements in soil gives a correct assessment of the effect of the longterm use of fertilizers on soil fertility. Content of available forms of potassium in soil under spring durum wheat depending on different forecrops and nutrient statuses was studied. The best forecrops for durum wheat in 31-year experiments were black, soil-protecting and green fallows. The yield of durum wheat after black fallow was 1.20 t/ha under fertilization and 1.27 t/ha without using fertilizers. Vegetative mass of cropped fallow ploughed into soil and use of mineral fertilizers led to an increase in content of soil potassium. The use of mineral fertilizers has a positive effect on yield of durum wheat; the yield increase was 0.10 t/ha after soil protecting fallow, 0.11 t/ha after common wheat and 0.13 t/ha after winter rye. Content of soil potassium was higher in six-year crop rotation and it increased durum wheat productivity compared to double-cropping and monoculture.
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长期研究前茬对乌拉尔南部草原区春小麦产量及黑钙土土壤钾的影响
本研究的目的是确定在单作、双作和六年轮作两种养分状态下,预茬对春小麦产量和土壤钾含量的影响。由于系统地测定土壤中的营养元素,可以对长期施用肥料对土壤肥力的影响作出正确的评价,因此,长期试验所获得的信息是很有意义的。研究了春小麦不同作物和养分状况对土壤速效态钾含量的影响。在31年的试验中,硬粒小麦的最佳作物是黑色、护土和绿色休耕。黑色休耕后硬粒小麦在施肥条件下产量为1.20 t/ hm2,不施肥条件下产量为1.27 t/ hm2。作物休耕后的营养质量和施用矿物肥导致土壤钾含量增加。施用矿质肥对硬粒小麦产量有积极影响;保护性休耕后增产0.10 t/ha,普通小麦增产0.11 t/ha,冬黑麦增产0.13 t/ha。6年轮作土壤钾含量较高,与复作和单作相比,可提高硬粒小麦的产量。
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审稿时长
12 weeks
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