National Identity in Contemporary Australian Opera: Myths Reconsidered

IF 0.3 0 MUSIC Musicology Australia Pub Date : 2018-01-02 DOI:10.1080/08145857.2018.1486163
J. Carmody
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

If, as I believe, art is a moral activity then a fortiori this is true of opera, which has a clear theme that (mostly) has been chosen by the composer and (necessarily) a text and narrative structure which—in addition to the music—can declare its artistic and philosophical concerns. It is clear from his very title of National Identity in Contemporary Australian Opera that Michael Halliwell has this same elevated view of opera: ‘identity’ and ‘myths’ are incontestably powerful concepts. Important ones, too: what sort of a society is it in which such questions are not seriously considered and, if not by its artists, then by whom? Neither priests nor politicians can be trusted with asking them, let alone providing answers. Furthermore, it is an intellectually and morally courageous author who ventures to analyse some Australian operatic works under such categories. Certainly, to do so at all—let alone successfully—requires a deep knowledge of the totality of Australian society (by implication, far more comprehensively than simply its opera-going moiety) over the sweep of its history and its regions, but also an insight into what can be considered tractable material for dramatization and a technical and structural grasp of the musical means which a heterogeneous clutch of composers has deployed to achieve worthwhile artistic fruit. Perhaps that last point should be considered first, because I do not think that Dr. Halliwell has touched on it. Far from being, as Dr. Johnson so glibly asserted (and has been remembered for his folly), an ‘irrational’ and ‘exotic’ entertainment, opera poses formidable emotional and intellectual challenges which few composers have managed to vanquish, notably the tripartite tensions between words, music and stage action. Consider the hundreds of thousands of operas that have been composed and the nugatory few that have entered the so-called ‘standard repertoire’, irrespective of whether that term is considered strictly or liberally. The truth is that acquiring the assured compositional technique which is a sine qua non before attempting an opera and—perhaps more importantly—achieving an authentic ‘musical voice’ is so formidable a challenge that few composers have the opportunity, or even the disposition, to learn about the theatre as well: about lighting, costume and makeup, dramatic timing, the importance of movement; about (in short) the ways in which a narrative and its ethical quiddity can be convincingly and comprehensively depicted (with engrossing waxing and waning of dramatic pace and tension) in front of a theatrical
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当代澳大利亚歌剧中的民族认同:对神话的再思考
正如我所相信的那样,如果艺术是一种道德活动,那么歌剧更是如此,它有一个明确的主题,(大部分)是由作曲家选择的,(必然)有一个文本和叙事结构,除了音乐之外,还可以表达其艺术和哲学上的关注。从《当代澳大利亚歌剧中的国家认同》这本书的标题中可以清楚地看出,迈克尔·哈利威尔对歌剧有着同样崇高的看法:“认同”和“神话”是无可争议的强大概念。还有一些重要的问题:这是一个什么样的社会,这样的问题不被认真考虑,如果不是艺术家,那么是谁?牧师和政治家都不能被信任去问这些问题,更不用说提供答案了。此外,这是一位在智力和道德上都很勇敢的作者,敢于在这些类别下分析一些澳大利亚歌剧作品。当然,要做到这一点——更不用说成功了——需要对澳大利亚社会的整体有深刻的了解(通过暗示,远比简单的歌剧部分更全面),了解其历史和地区,但也需要对可以被认为是易于处理的戏剧化材料的洞察,以及对音乐手段的技术和结构的把握,这些音乐手段是由异质的作曲家们用来实现有价值的艺术成果的。也许应该首先考虑最后一点,因为我认为哈利韦尔博士还没有谈到这一点。正如约翰逊博士所断言的那样(他的愚蠢也被人们记住了),歌剧远不是一种“非理性的”和“异国情调的”娱乐,歌剧对情感和智力构成了巨大的挑战,很少有作曲家能够克服,尤其是歌词、音乐和舞台动作之间的三方紧张关系。考虑到成千上万的歌剧已经被创作出来,而进入所谓的“标准曲目”的歌剧寥寥无几,不管这个术语是严格的还是自由的。事实是,在尝试创作歌剧之前,获得可靠的作曲技巧是必不可少的,也许更重要的是,获得真实的“音乐之声”是一项艰巨的挑战,很少有作曲家有机会,甚至有意愿去学习戏剧:灯光、服装和化妆、戏剧时机、动作的重要性;简而言之,是关于如何在剧场前令人信服地、全面地描绘一种叙事及其伦理的必然性(伴随着引人入胜的戏剧节奏和张力的起起落落)
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