December 2021 Pulmonary Case of the Month: Interstitial Lung Disease with Red Knuckles

Abstract

No abstract available. Article truncated after 150 words. We thought a follow-up to our original brief review of COVID-19 in February, 2020 might be useful. As we write this in early December 2021, we again caution that this area is rapidly changing and what is true today will likely be outdated tomorrow. We again borrowed heavily from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) CDC website and the NIH website which have extensive discussions over numerous pages covering COVID-19. Our hope is to condense those recommendations. We do not discuss inpatient care in any detail. COVID-19 Variants The initial steps of coronavirus infection involve the specific binding of the coronavirus spike (S) protein to the cellular entry receptors which are normally on a cell. These include human aminopeptidase N (APN; HCoV-229E), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2; HCoV-NL63, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4; MERS-CoV). All viruses, but especially simple single-stranded RNA viruses like COVID-19, constantly change through mutation …