{"title":"Investigating the Lutheran Roots of Social Democracy in Ingeborg Holm","authors":"Mads Larsen","doi":"10.5406/scanstud.93.4.0505","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The United States is among the developed world’s most incomeunequal countries, American health care and education are uniquely expensive, and youth depression is on a sharp rise1 (Twenge et al. 2019). The Nordic countries are among the most income-equal, health care and higher education are generally free, and Scandinavians rank among the happiest people in the world (Oxfeldt, Nestingen, and Simonsen 2017). These differences could explain why 50 percent of young Americans would “prefer living in a socialist country” (Harris Poll 2019). The Nordic Model is not socialist by the term’s original definition of “state or collective ownership and regulation of the means of production.” In America, socialism has generally become understood as “liberal social democracy which retain[s] a commitment to social justice and social reform.” The Oxford English Dictionary has adjusted its definition accordingly.2 Bernie Sanders and Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez both denounce Soviet or Cuban-style socialism, emphasizing their preference for Scandinavian welfare (CBS News 2019; Washington Post 2015). With liberal economics under global challenge, the United States is only one of many places where the Nordic Model has been suggested as an alternative that could reform capitalism. If these Northern European countries produce","PeriodicalId":44446,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3000,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"2","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"SCANDINAVIAN STUDIES","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.5406/scanstud.93.4.0505","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"0","JCRName":"HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Abstract
The United States is among the developed world’s most incomeunequal countries, American health care and education are uniquely expensive, and youth depression is on a sharp rise1 (Twenge et al. 2019). The Nordic countries are among the most income-equal, health care and higher education are generally free, and Scandinavians rank among the happiest people in the world (Oxfeldt, Nestingen, and Simonsen 2017). These differences could explain why 50 percent of young Americans would “prefer living in a socialist country” (Harris Poll 2019). The Nordic Model is not socialist by the term’s original definition of “state or collective ownership and regulation of the means of production.” In America, socialism has generally become understood as “liberal social democracy which retain[s] a commitment to social justice and social reform.” The Oxford English Dictionary has adjusted its definition accordingly.2 Bernie Sanders and Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez both denounce Soviet or Cuban-style socialism, emphasizing their preference for Scandinavian welfare (CBS News 2019; Washington Post 2015). With liberal economics under global challenge, the United States is only one of many places where the Nordic Model has been suggested as an alternative that could reform capitalism. If these Northern European countries produce
美国是发达国家中收入最不平等的国家之一,美国的医疗保健和教育非常昂贵,青少年抑郁症急剧上升1 (Twenge et al. 2019)。北欧国家是收入最平等的国家之一,医疗保健和高等教育通常是免费的,斯堪的纳维亚人是世界上最幸福的人之一(Oxfeldt, Nestingen, and Simonsen 2017)。这些差异可以解释为什么50%的美国年轻人“更喜欢生活在社会主义国家”(哈里斯民意调查2019)。按照“国家或集体所有制和对生产资料的监管”这一术语最初的定义,北欧模式并不是社会主义。在美国,社会主义通常被理解为“自由的社会民主主义,保留了对社会正义和社会改革的承诺。”牛津英语词典据此调整了其定义伯尼·桑德斯和亚历山大·奥卡西奥-科尔特斯都谴责苏联或古巴式的社会主义,强调他们更喜欢斯堪的纳维亚式的福利(CBS新闻2019;《华盛顿邮报》(2015)。在自由主义经济学面临全球挑战的情况下,北欧模式被认为是改革资本主义的另一种选择,美国只是其中之一。如果这些北欧国家生产
期刊介绍:
Thank you for visiting the internet homepages of the Department of Scandinavian Studies at the University of Washington. The Department of Scandinavian Studies was founded in 1909 by a special act of the Washington State Legislature. In the 99 years of its existence, the Department has grown from a one-person program to a comprehensive Scandinavian Studies department with a faculty fully engaged in leading-edge scholarship, award-winning teaching and dedicated university and community service.