Reducing particle emissions of heavy-duty diesel vehicles in India: Combined effects of diesel, biodiesel and lubricating oil

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Atmospheric Environment: X Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.aeaoa.2023.100202
Sampsa Martikainen , Laura Salo , Heino Kuuluvainen , Kimmo Teinilä , Rakesh K. Hooda , Arindam Datta , Ved Prakash Sharma , Hafizur Rahman , Sanjukta Subudhi , Prashant Kumar , Panu Karjalainen , Jorma Keskinen , Hilkka Timonen , Antti Hyvärinen , Topi Rönkkö
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Diesel engines contribute significantly to deteriorating air quality. Tightening legislation has led to various technological advances, but developments differ between countries. In India, air quality has not improved and fine particle (PM2.5) related premature deaths are predicted to increase. In this study, we characterized the particle emissions of an Indian-manufactured BS IV (Bharat Stage, comparable to Euro emission standards) heavy-duty diesel vehicle and studied the effects of different fuels, fuel blends and lubricating oils. The main aims of the study were to investigate the particle emission dependency on fuel types and fuel blends used in India and to produce useful data for further use (e.g. legislative parties and modeling): emission factors (PN, PM, BC, other chemical compounds), size distributions and volatility of particles. Additionally, the sensitivity of the emissions to the lubricating oil choice was studied. Two lubricating oils, two fossil fuels conforming to BS IV and BS VI emission standards and two biofuel – BS IV fossil fuel blends were tested, one containing Renewable Paraffinic Diesel (RPD) and the other renewable Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (r-FAME). The tests were conducted on a chassis dynamometer (Delhi Bus Driving Cycle, DBDC). Our results show that the emitted particles were in ultrafine particle size range, and both the soot mode particles and smaller nanoparticles were affected by fuels and lubricating oils. The transition from BS IV grade diesel to BSVI was shown to have potential in reducing particle emissions (PN and eBC) of heavy-duty diesel vehicles in India. Blending fossil fuel with biofuel strongly affected particle number emissions, chemical composition, and eBC emissions and the emissions were highly sensitive to biofuel type. Changing the lubricating oil had a comparable magnitude of effect as changing the fuel and the results indicate that in order to reduce particle emissions, a combination of fuel and lubricating oil should be chosen, instead of choosing them separately.

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减少印度重型柴油车的颗粒排放:柴油、生物柴油和润滑油的综合效应
柴油发动机是空气质量恶化的重要原因。严格的立法导致了各种技术进步,但各国的发展情况有所不同。在印度,空气质量没有改善,与细颗粒物(PM2.5)相关的过早死亡预计会增加。在这项研究中,我们对印度制造的BS IV(巴拉特阶段,与欧洲排放标准相当)重型柴油车的颗粒排放进行了表征,并研究了不同燃料、燃料混合物和润滑油的影响。该研究的主要目的是调查颗粒排放对印度使用的燃料类型和燃料混合物的依赖关系,并为进一步使用(例如立法党派和建模)提供有用的数据:排放因子(PN, PM, BC,其他化合物),颗粒的大小分布和挥发性。此外,还研究了尾气排放对润滑油选择的敏感性。测试了两种润滑油、两种符合BS IV和BS VI排放标准的化石燃料以及两种生物燃料- BS IV化石燃料混合物,其中一种含有可再生石蜡柴油(RPD),另一种含有可再生脂肪酸甲酯(r-FAME)。测试是在底盘测功机(德里公共汽车驾驶循环,DBDC)上进行的。研究结果表明,废气排放颗粒的粒径分布在超细颗粒范围内,烟尘模式颗粒和更小的纳米颗粒均受到燃料和润滑油的影响。从bsiv级柴油到BSVI级柴油的过渡被证明在减少印度重型柴油车的颗粒排放(PN和eBC)方面具有潜力。化石燃料与生物燃料混合对颗粒数排放、化学成分和eBC排放影响较大,且对生物燃料类型高度敏感。更换润滑油的效果与更换燃料的效果相当,结果表明,为了减少颗粒排放,应选择燃料和润滑油的组合,而不是单独选择。
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来源期刊
Atmospheric Environment: X
Atmospheric Environment: X Environmental Science-Environmental Science (all)
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
47
审稿时长
12 weeks
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