Factors Influencing Formal Care Service Usage: A Comparison of Middle-aged and Older Adults residing in South Korea

Ji-min Kim, In-joo Song
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Abstract

This study explored factors of formal care service usage, dividing service users between middle-aged (50-64) and older adults (65+). Despite of upsurging care needs of middle-aged adults, previous studies have not studied on their care needs. Therefore, we focused on examining the factors of service uses for understanding their needs for public care services. We used the second data from Care SOS Center in Seoul, South Korea and selected 31,265 people who used the services in 2021. Independent variables were organized into four categories - predisposing, enabling, need, and health care system factors - based on Andersen's theory of service uses, for which many previous studies have adopted. After conducting multiple regression analysis using SPSS 25.0, the results were as follows: First, regarding the predisposing factors, middle-aged adults who have many family members were more likely to use care services, while older adults’ family members were not statistically significant. Second, need factors such as the discharged patients were pivotal in care service uses of both middle-aged and older adults. Third, older adults who had used other social care services before were less likely to use this short-term care SOS services, but the result was not statistically significant for middle-aged adults. Based on the results, we suggested social welfare interventions such as developing intensive care services for the discharged based on community care, interlocking and connecting social care services, making interventions for the excluded who needs imminent services as well as pointed out the importance of universal care services for both older and middle-aged adults.
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影响正规护理服务使用的因素:居住在韩国的中老年人的比较
本研究探讨了正规护理服务使用的因素,将服务使用者分为中年(50-64岁)和老年人(65岁以上)。尽管中年人的护理需求激增,但以往的研究并未对他们的护理需求进行研究。因此,我们重点研究服务使用的因素,以了解他们对公共护理服务的需求。我们使用了韩国首尔Care SOS中心的第二个数据,并选择了2021年使用该服务的31265人。根据Andersen的服务使用理论(许多先前的研究都采用了这一理论),将自变量分为四类——易感因素、使能因素、需要因素和卫生保健系统因素。运用SPSS 25.0进行多元回归分析,结果如下:第一,在易感因素方面,家庭成员较多的中年人更倾向于使用护理服务,而家庭成员较多的老年人使用护理服务的易感因素无统计学意义。其次,出院患者等需求因素是中老年人护理服务使用的关键因素。第三,使用过其他社会护理服务的老年人使用短期护理SOS服务的可能性较低,但对中年人来说,这一结果没有统计学意义。在此基础上,提出了以社区护理为基础发展出院人员重症监护服务、环环相接的社会护理服务、对迫切需要服务的被排斥者进行干预等社会福利干预措施,并指出了老年人和中年人普遍护理服务的重要性。
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